Viewer MJ sent me research she had done into “The Company,” and its relationship to our Federal Government and the political process for the Republic, and the world we live in today.

I can only take things so far, and with the help of independent researchers like this viewer, I can take things much further. 

I did not have the information she provided me. 

The dates things are happening is very important when looking at where things in the New World really got kicked off, and her research helped me to connect more dots.

It really takes a village to solve this puzzle because there is so much to uncover regarding what has taken place here and many layers to it as well.

I will be interweaving MJ’s research material with with research that I have done in the past and present for this post.

I am going to focus on the origins & historical impact of The Company in this first part.

I received the research from MJ shortly after I had published “The East India Companies, the Theft of India & the Legacy of the Mughal Empire.”

India was called the “Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire. and its largest, and most important, overseas possession.

Much of the British Empire was built around India, in order to provide routes to, or protection for, India.

India was prosperous and rich, in spices, silk, indigo, gold, cotton, and other products and resources.

Trade with, and eventual political dominance of large parts of India, was what provided Britain with large parts of its wealth in the 1700s through 1900s.

The East India Company was the means by which the British took over control of India and its fabulous wealth and culture.

The East India Company was nicknamed “The Company.”

This is what we are told.

The British East Company was established as a joint-stock company by Royal Charter on December 31st of 1600 by Queen Elizabeth I.

It was called the “Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading in the East Indies,” and by the mid-1700s, accounted for half the world’s trade in such commodities as cotton, silk, indigo, spices, sugar, tea, and opium.

For comparison, the flag of the British East India Company is pictured on the top left, and the flag of the United States on the bottom right.

It is important to note that the American Central Intelligence Agency has the same nickname.

On March 20, 1602, Dutch East India Company was chartered to trade with India and Southeast Asian countries by the States General of the Netherlands, the Supreme Legislature of the Netherlands, granted it a 21-year monopoly for the Dutch spice trade. 

It was a megacorporation, which is defined as a massive conglomerate (usually private) holding near-monopolistic, if not monopolistic, control over multiple markets.

It was chartered to trade with Mughal India, and primarily Mughal Bengal, from where 50% of textiles and 80% of silks were imported.

It has often been labelled a trading or shipping company, but was in fact a proto-conglomerate, diversifying into multiple commercial and industrial activities.

The first formally listed public company by widely issuing shares of stock and bonds to the general public in the early 1600s, it was the world’s most valuable company of all-time, with a worth of $7.9-trillion.

It is considered by many to be to have been the forerunner of modern corporations.

We are told the use of Arms went from individuals to corporate bodies starting in 1438 with a Royal Charter of incorporation, and the earliest surviving grant of arms, for the “Worshipful Company of Drapers,” formally known as “The Master and Warden and Brethren and Sisters of the Guild and Fraternity of the Blessed Mary the Virgin of the Mystery of Drapers of the City of London,” and since then have been made continously including, but not limited to, companies & civic bodies.

“Draper” is defined as a retailer or wholesaler of cloth that was mainly for clothing.

As we will continue to see, activities around cloth played a signficant role in the development of the New World’s economy and the creation of its powerful banking houses and corporations.

MJ sent me citation resources she used in her research.

The first was Dun and Bradstreet, an American company that provides commercial data, analytics and insights for businesses, including credit ratings.

She said that much valuable information has been removed from public view, and noticed that they have removed many cities and other government entities from their search queries. 

Dun and Bradstreet started out as “The Mercantile Agency” in New York City on July 20th of 1841.

It was formed by Lewis Tappan, who started out in the dry goods business with his father and the silk business with his brother, as the first commercial credit rating agency for businessmen seeking credit, and provided a network of correspondents to provide reliable credit information to its subscribers.

By 1844, the “Mercantile Agency” had over 240 clients, and continued to expand, opening offices in Boston, Philadelphia and Baltimore.

Benjamin Douglass took-over the business in 1849, and he transferred it to Robert Graham Dun in 1859, who changed the named to R. G. Dun & Company, and he continued to expand the business across international boundaries, and it kept growing from there.

It’s interesting to me that when I saw on of the modern logos on the right, it bore a slight resemblance in design to one of the EIC logos on the left, which also reminded me of one of the “Knights of Pythias” logos, as seen in the middle.

The “Knights of Pythias” is a secret society and fraternal organization that was founded in February of 1864, which would have been during the American Civil War, which along with other secret societies like the Freemasons, and Odd Fellows, seemed to have been deeply involved in the reset historical narrative by claiming credit for the construction of buildings what would have been architecture of the original civilization, calling them “Pythian Castles” as charity homes for widows and their children, like the “Pythian Home of Missouri,” in Springfield, pictured on the left.

Pictured on the right is the old Louisiana State Capitol Building in Baton Rouge, for similarity of apprearance, with the castle-like appearances, earthworks in the landscape below both buildings, and what appears to be facing in the same direction.

Also, the year of 1841, the year that the “Mercantile Agency” was established, is just screaming at me because that year, and the early-to-mid-1800s in general, has come up as having a lot of significant activity going on.

To begin with, let’s look at what was going on around 1800 that relates to all of this.

First, Mayer Amschel Rothschild’s son, Nathan Mayer Rothschild settled in Manchester, England in 1798, and established a business in textile trading and finance, and made a fortune in a banking enterprise he began in London in 1805 that dealt in foreign bills and government securities.

A freemason since 1802 in the “Premier Grand Lodge of England” in October of 1802, by the time of his death in 1836, Nathan Mayer Rothschild had secured the position of the Rothschilds as the preeminent investment bankers in Britain and Europe, and his own personal net worth was over 60% of the British national income.

Mayer Amschel Rothschild started the Rothschild International Banking family dynasty through his five sons in Frankfurt, Germany, in the 1760s, who were each placed in major cities throughout Europe.

Besides Nathan in London, son James was in Paris; son Amschel succeeded his father in Frankfurt; son Carl was in Naples; and son Salomon in Vienna.

In America, Alexander Brown was an Irish linen merchant who immigrated to America, and established the first investment banking firm in the United States in 1800, just five-years before Nathan established the Rothschild bank in London.

He was joined in business by his sons William, George, John, and James, and the firm became “Alex. Brown & Sons” in 1810.

So his son William established the Liverpool office in England of the family business; George and John founded “Brown Bros. & Company” in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and James opened a branch in New York City and Boston.

This is what we are told about Brown Brothers & Company, that during the first 100-years of its existence, it helped make paper money standard currency in the United States; underwrote the first railroad and trans-Atlantic steamship companies; and essentially created the first foreign exchange system between the American dollar and the British pound.

In 1931, the Brown Brothers merged with the Harriman Brothers & Company, a private bank started with railway money, in 1931 to become known as the “Brown Brothers Harriman & Company,” one of the oldest and largest private investment banks in the United States.

Founding partners of the “Brown Brothers Harriman & Company” included W. Averill Harriman, the son of railroad baron E. H. Harriman, and Secretary of Commerce under President Harry S. Truman…

…and Prescott Bush, American banker and politician, and the father of President George H. W. Bush.

Another Harriman, E. Roland Harriman, was the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the American Red Cross, from 1950 to 1973.

He was the brother of W. Averill Harriman, founding partner of the “Brown Brothers Harriman & Company”

John D. Rockefeller was amongst several that donated to create a national headquarters for the Amerian Red Cross near the White House in Washington, DC, said to have been built between 1915 and 1917.

E. Roland Harriman, or “Bunny” as he was nicknamed, attended Yale University, where he was a member of the “Skull and Bones” Society with his friend and classmate… Prescott Bush.

Yale University was named for Elihu Yale, a British merchant and trader, who became President of the Madras Presidency in 1684, at the British East India Company settlement at Fort St. George in Madras in India.

Elihu Yale later became a benefactor of the Collegiate School in the Colony of Connecticut, which in 1718 was renamed Yale College in his honor.

The Skull and Bones Society was founded as an undergraduate senior secret student society at Yale in 1832, just 9-years before Lewis Tappan established the Mercantile Agency.

Another noteworthy American financier who emerged between 1800 and 1840 was George Peabody.

In a similar story to Lewis Tappan, George Peabody got his start in the dry goods business with his brother in what is now Peabody, Massachusetts, and when their store burned down, George went to Georgetown in the Washington, DC, area in 1811 to work in a wholesale dry goods warehouse.

Not long after, he became an office boy for the owner of the warehouse, Elisha Riggs, and not long after that, he became a partner in the wholesale dry goods firm of Riggs, Peabody and Company.

Elisha Riggs also financed the founding of Riggs National Bank, which was organized by his son George Washington Riggs.

Riggs National Bank existed until 2005, when Riggs was dissolved, and acquired by PNC Financial Services.

The reason for the change in ownership of the bank in 2005 was the investigation of Riggs Bank for several money-laundering scandals, including “unknowingly” allowing the hijackers involved in 9/11 to transfer money “due to lax controls” at the bank…

It is interesting to note that as a “National Bank,” Riggs was authorized to print currency at one time in its history.

During the years George Peabody lived in Baltimore, he established his own career as a businessman and financier.

He first travelled to England in 1827 to purchase wares, and negotiate the sale of American cotton in Lancashire.

By 1825, cotton was Britain’s biggest import, primarily from American cotton fields, and Lancashire was dominant force in the British economy with its cotton industry, where the raw cotton was turned into thread and fabrics in a factory-based production line with the advent of the Industrial Revolution in this industry, and marked the birth of the British-working class.

George Peabody opened an office in Liverpool, with British business playing a more and more important role in his business affairs.

The bankers who helped establish him in Liverpool included Sir William Brown, 1st Baronet of Richmond Hill, one of the sons of Alexander Brown, who managed his father’s Liverpool office.

With all of his great connections, George Peabody branched out.

He took up residence in London permanently in 1837, and went from being a wholesale dry-goods and cotton merchant, to a merchant-banker offering securities in American railroad and canal enterprises to British and European investors.

He started a banking business trading on his own account a year after he moved to London, and by 1851, he established the banking firm of “George Peabody & Company” to meet the increasing demand for securities issued by American railroads, and his company specialized in financing governments and large companies.

Apparently railroad and canal developers in the early 19th-century in the United States needed investment capital, and turned to European money markets for the funding to complete their projects.

Likely this investment capital was needed to dig them out of the mud and make them operational again.

Along with canals, I am seeing that rail-tracks et al, were dug-out from a deliberately-caused cataclysmic event, best-known as the mud flood, and that locomotives and railroad cars were pre-existing as well.

I think it was all-electrified prior to the mud flood, and when the Earth’s free energy grid was taken down, most energy sources for mass transportation were replaced by oil and coal until they could get the electricity up and running again, later to be replaced by cars and buses.

For one example, in the course of doing my research, I found the Raritan River Railroad on a long-distance circle alignment beginning and ending in Washington, DC.

It was a 12-mile-, or 19-kilometer-, long short-line railroad operating freight and passenger service in Middlesex County New Jersey, said to have been built in 1888 when the peak of railroad building in the United States was subsiding in the late 1800s.

This the logo for the Raritan River Railroad on the left, compared with the logo for Rolls Royce on the right.

The similarity between these two logos tells me these two companies were connected in some way. Besides the fact the logos look virtually identical, it brings to mind what I found when I was looking at Derby, England.

I found Derby close to the Algiers’ Circle Alignment as I was tracking it through England.

Derby is the geographic center of England, and the Derwent River Valley in Derbyshire is considered the Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution.

Rolls-Royce is a global aerospace, defense, energy, and marine company focused on world-class power and propulsion systems, and its civil aerospace and nuclear divisions are in Derby…

…as well as the Railway Technical Center, the technical headquarters of British Rail, and considered the largest railway research complex in the world.

Back to George Peabody.

George Peabody’s bank quickly rose to become the premier American banking house in London, and this is a statue of him that is located near the Royal Exchange in London.

George Peabody hired Junius Spencer Morgan in 1854 as the Junior partner in his company.

Junius Spencer Morgan was the founder of the company that would become J. S. Morgan & Company in 1864, that was the successor company to George Peabody & Company.

In 1854, Morgan was put in charge of the firm’s iron portfolio, which included the marketing of railroad bonds in London and New York.

By the time J. S. Morgan died in 1890, the Morgan banks were the dominant forces in government and railroad finance, and his son John Pierpont Morgan had taken the helm of the company, becoming known as. J. P. Morgan & Company in 1895.

J. P. Morgan was an American financier and banker who dominated corporate finance on Wall Street throughout this period of time, also known as the “Gilded Age,” between the years of 1870 and 1900.

He was a driving force behind the wave of industrial consolidation in the United States in the late 18th- and early 19th-centuries.

The next citation reference the MJ provided was that of the “Companies House.”

The” Companies House” came into existence in Great Britain on September 5th of 1844, the same year that the “Mercantile Agency” continued to expand into other major cities.

The “Companies House” is an executive agency of the British Government that maintains a register of companies, and is responsible for incorporating all forms of companies in the United Kingdom.

Prior to the formation of the “Companies House,” no central company register existed in Great Britain, and companies could only be incorporated through “Letters Patent.”

“Letters patent” are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published, written order issued by a monarch or other head-of-state, granting an office, right, monopoly, title or status to a person or corporation. Thus, they can be used for the creation of corporations or government offices, or for granting city status or a coat-of-arms.

“Letters Patent” were part of the chartering process, and were used in the granting of “Royal Charters” and “Chartered Companies.”

A royal charter was a formal grant issued by a monarch under “royal prerogative” as “letters patent,” and used early on as the means to legitimize the colonization of North America by the British.

“Royal prerogative” is a body of customary authority, privilege and immunity recognized in common and civil law jurisdictions within a monarchy as belonging to the sovereign that becomes widely vested in government.

Since the 1300s in our historical narrative, royal charters have been used to grant a right or power to an individual or “body corporate,” the formal term for a corporation.

A “body corporate” functions as a “legal person” in law that can do the things a human person is usually able to do but are not literal people.

A “chartered company” is an association with investors and shareholders that is “incorporated,” or formed into a new corporation, and granted rights for the purposes of trade, exploration, or colonization.

As just mentioned, until the establishment of the “Companies House” in 1844, royal charters were the only means that a company could become incorporated, other than by an Act of Parliament.

Like, for example, the British East India Company, which became known as “The Company,” was established as a joint-stock company by way of a Royal Charter granted by Queen Elizabeth I in 1600 to trade in the Indian Ocean region…

…and six-years later, in 1606, King James VI & I issued Royal Charters for what became known as the Virginia Company and the Virginia Company of Plymouth, with the objective of raising funds from investors in order to colonize the eastern coast of America.

Hmmmm.

Coincidence that the heraldry looks almost identifical in design?

Or not?

At any rate, the “Companies House” was created by the “Joint Stock Companies Act of 1844,” which created the “Registrar of Joint Stock Companies,” enabling companies to be incorporated through registration for England, Wales and Ireland, but not Scotland.

Scotland was added in the “Joint Stock Companies Act of 1856.”

The “Young Men’s Christian Association,” or YMCA, the world’s the oldest and largest youth charity with a stated mission of supporting young people to belong, contribute, and thrive in their communities, also started in 1844, the same year the “Companies House” was established and the expansion of the Mercantile Agency into other major Cities in the United States.

The YMCA was one of the earliest Non-Governmental Organization, also known as “NGO.”

An NGO is defined as having been formed independently from government, and perceived by the general public as benevolent and philanthropic organizations with a stated purpose of helping Humanity in a particular area or time of need.

But when you delve into specific Non-Governmental Organizations, invariably there are more questions than answers.

So, for example, George Williams, in seeking to create a supportive community to help young men facing social challenges during England’s Industrial Revolution, founded the Young Men’s Christian Association in 1844.

His biography tell us he was the seventh-, and last-, surviving son of farmers in Dulverton, Somerset, England, and that he started working on the family farm at the age of 13.

Then, he left the family farm in 1841 to become an apprentice to a draper.

He worked at the Hitchcock-Williams store, where became a department manager in 1844.

In the same year of 1844, George gathered a group of fellow drapers together in the store where he worked, concerned about the appalling conditions in London for working young men, and determined to do something about it by forming the YMCA.

At Queen Victoria’s birthday honors in 1894, he was knighted and became Sir George Williams, and upon his death in 1905, he was buried in a crypt in London’s St. Paul’s Cathedral.

There is even a stained-glass window honoring Sir George Williams and the YMCA as a World War I memorial in Westminster Abbey, the same place where major events concerning the British royal family take place, including coronations, weddings, and funerals, as well as the burial site of over 3,000 prominent persons in British history.

Strange honors for a poor farm boy made good as a cloth merchant.

What’s really going on here with Williams, the drapers, and the YMCA?!

Other things that happened during the early 1840s, the Treaty of Nanking between the British Empire and China was signed in 1842 after China’s defeat in the First Opium War.

The First Opium War was fought between Qing Dynasty of China and Britain between 1839 and 1842, and was a military engagement that started when the Chinese seized opium stocks at Canton in order to stop the opium trade, which was banned.

The British government insisted upon free trade and equality among nations and backed the merchants’ demands.

To counter this, the British East India Company began to grow opium in Bengal, in present-day Bangladesh, and allowed private British merchants to sell opium to Chinese smugglers for illegal sale in China.

As a result from these events in history, opium dens, establishments where opium was sold and smoked, became prevalent in many parts of the world throughout the 19th-century.

Some of the world’s wealthiest families today earned a fortune engaging in the opium business, like the Astor, Forbes, Russell, Perkins and Delano families.

They don’t even hide it.

Another example of striking it rich in the opium trade is Jardine-Matheson.

The firm of Jardine, Matheson & Company emerged in 1832 from an evolving process of partnership changes of foreign companies that had first been established in 1782 as Cox & Reid, by John Cox and John Reid.

John Reid was an agent of the Trieste Company, part of the Austrian East India Company, the catch-all term used for a series of Austrian Trading Companies based in Ostend and Trieste, that also included the “Imperial Asiatic Trading Company of Trieste and Antwerp,” the origins of which started in 1775 in our historical narrative for the Habsburg Monarchy government of the Empress Maria-Theresa for Austria to trade with British East India Company-ruled India from the Adriatic port of Trieste after a proposal to do so presented by Dutch-born British merchant William Bolts was accepted, and Bolts sailed forth with a 10-year charter allowing him to trade under Imperial colors between Austria’s Adriatic Ports and Persia, India, China, and Africa.

Two University of Edinburgh Medical School graduates, William Jardine and James Matheson, set-up headquarters of the firm that had evolved from Cox & Reid in Hong Kong after it had been ceded by China to Great Britain in the 1842 Treaty of Nanjing.

Jardine, Matheson & Company grew rapidly, smuggling illegal opium from British-controlled India into China, and the company has been called the “most successful opium smuggling company in the world.

Along with the trade in smuggled opium, as well as tea and cotton, the firm diversified into insurance, shipping and railways.

By the mid-19th-century, Jardine, Matheson & Company had become the largest of the foreign trading conglomerates, with offices in all the major Chinese cities, and in Japan

To this day, they have an opium poppy in their logo.

Fentanyl is the opium of today.

Same idea, only more powerful.

The next citation resource the viewer sent me was that of the 1828 Dictionary of Noah Webster.

The 1828 Dictionary of Noah Webster is the official dictionary of the Federal Constitutional Republic of the United States.

This is a natural law dictionary, and whatever is in this dictionary is the actual meaning of words in the Republic, and documents written in plain English refer to this dictionary.

A Federal Constitutional Republic is a representative form of government that is ruled by a charter, or Constitution.

A democracy is a government that is ruled according to the will of the majority.

Noah Webster was a lexicographer and language reformer, as well as a lawyer, schoolmaster, author, newspaper editor, and politician.

He is often called the “Father of American Scholarship and Education.”

His 1828 dictionary had 70,000 words, of which 12,000 had never appeared in a published dictionary before.

We are told he was seeking to standardize the American English language, and changed the “-our” ending on British English words to “-or” in American English, like the word color.

Webster’s Dictionary also contains 6,000 references to the King James Version of the Bible to demonstrate the meaning of words, and is considered an essential tool for anyone studying the KJV Bible.

The King James Version of the bible, first published in 1611, and the works of William Shakespeare, with the publication of the First Folio in 1623, are considered to be early Modern English.

It is the form of the English spoken since the “Great Vowel Shift,”, a systematic change in the pronunciation of vowels for which the causes in England are unknown, which began in the mid-1400s and was completed by 1600.

My viewer shared with me that the Pilgrims brought the 1560 Geneva Bible with them and that this was the version of the bible that was used in churches up until the 1860s.

The Geneva Bible, preceding the King James Bible by 51-years, was the primary bible of 16th-century Protestant Reformation, and was the first mechanically-produced bible available to the general public.

It was the second Bible to be authorized in English.

The Great Bible of 1539 was the first, which was authorized to be read aloud by King Henry VIII during Church of England services.

The story that we are told in our historical narrative about the Pilgrims is that they were Puritan Separatists who came to the New World so they could worship according to their own beliefs without persecution.

Puritans were English Protestants who wanted to “purify” the Church of England of remaining Roman Catholic practices, as it had not fully-reformed, and was not Protestant “enough.”

The Puritan Congregation that settled the Plymouth Colony had obtained a land patent from the Virginia Company of Plymouth in June of 1619, and they sought to finance their venture through a group of businessmen known as the Merchant Adventurers, who viewed the new colony as a way to make a profit.

Officially known as the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London, it had been founded in the City of London in the early 15th-century, and its main export was cloth, especially undyed broadcloth in exchange for a large range of foreign goods.

Funding obtained from the Merchant Adventurers paid for provisions and passage of members of the Congregation on the Mayflower living in England, and on the Speedwell for those living in the Netherlands, incurring a debt which needed to be repaid.

Important to note that the main source of income for the Plymouth Colony was the fur trade.

The Merchant Adventurers had also recruited a group of people known as “The Strangers” to assist the Pilgrim colonists, known as “Saints” as needed, like merchants, skilled labor, indentured servants, and several young orphans.

The first dictionary of the English language, known as the “Table Alphabeticall,” was published in London in 1604 by Robert Cawdry, an English clergyman and schoolteacher.

It contained around 2,500 word-entries for the uncommon English words coming into use with the advent of the printing-press and the Geneva Bible.

We are told that British poet, playwright, essayist, and lexicographer Samuel Johnson was the Father of the first comprehensive dictionary of the English language in 1755, a project which was said to have taken him 8-years to complete as one person working on it.

It had 42,773-word entries and approximately 114,000 literary quotes to illustrate the meaning of words.

It is considered one of the most influential dictionaries in the history of the English language.

With regards to noteworthy legal treatises and dictionaries, here are a few to consider.

Tapping Reeve was an early American lawyer, educator, and judge.

If you break down the meaning of his unusual name as actual words in English, “Tapping” can be defined as “To exploit or draw a supply from a resource;” and “Reeve” as administrator, attendant; curator; agent; director; foreman; and the list goes on.

Tapping Reeve opened the Litchfield Law School in Litchfield, Connecticut in 1784, the first independent law school established in America for reading law, and a proprietary school unaffiliated with any college or university.

Tapping Reeve became Chief Justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court in 1814.

Reeve published a book in 1816 that was titled “The Law of Baron and Femme – of Parent and Child;, Guardian and Ward, Master and Servant; and of the Powers of the Court of Chancery, with an Essay on the terms Heir, Heirs, and Heirs of the Body.”

This became the premiere American treatise on family law for much of the 19th-century, with revisions and republication in 1846, 1867 and 1888.

Next, Bouvier’s Law Dictionary was first published in 1856.

John Bouvier was a Frenchman who became a U. S. citizen in 1812; and started practicing law in 1818 in Philadelphia.

Over the years, he noticed a lack of a solid American law dictionary, as distinguished from English law, and decided to fill the need.

After ten years of working on his dictionary, it was first published in 1839.

It is mainly based on case studies and jurisprudence under common law.

The original Webster’s Dictionary is the actual dictionary for the Republic as previously mentioned, and documents written in plain English refer to this dictionary.

In 1891, Black’s Law Dictionary was first published by Henry Campbell Black.

While Black was educated as a lawyer, and was admitted to practice law in Pennsylvania 1883, he only practiced for a short period of time, and was not considered a noteworthy lawyer.

Apparently, he chose instead to live in his parents’ house and compile a comprehensive list of legal terms.

MJ explained that Legal-speak is Black’s Law, preferably the fourth edition or older. 

In addition to “Black’s Law Dictionary,” he was also credited with writing the “Handbook of American Constitutional Law,” and publishing over 1,000 scholarly articles on arcane legal matters and political issues of his time.

MJ said she has a library of over one-hundred books written from 1725 to 1900, with the majority of her books being from 1790-1871.

In addition to collecting “Scientific American” magazine and random newspapers written prior to 1870, she has textbooks used in one-room schoolhouses, some of which she inherited, history books, government information, science (particularly pneumatics and electricity), and medical books.

She can point to medical information being changed around 1909.

Most of the following information was provided by MJ from her own research, though like in the first part, I have interwoven some research of my own that I did specifically for this post to supplement MJ’s research where applicable.

Firstly, she said that Law means: Land, Air and Water.

She further explains that “Land” equals Natural Law, or American Common Law.

Natural Law is comprised of “Natural Rights,” specifying what acts one person cannot morally do to another.

They are rights everyone has, and one person’s right does not interfere with another person’s right.

Common Law is the body of law created by judges arising from past court decisions, or precedent.

She said that “Air” equals Vatican Law governed by the Uniform Commercial Code.

The Uniform Commercial Code is a comprehensive set of laws governing all commercial transactions in the United States.

It is not a federal law, but is uniformly adopted state law.

This will be examined in more detail later in the post.

And lastly, the “W” in the acronym.

She explained that “Water” equals “Maritime Law,” also known as “Admiralty Law,” and that this is foreign lawfare to generate wealth for the Crown, also known as “The Company.”

“International Maritime Admiralty Law,” is the law of the sea or water, and money, and is differentiated from the law of the land and natural law, the law of people occupying the land.

“Admiralty Law” is the law that governs navigation and shipping.

Among other things in our world, the application of International Maritime Law is how Humanity became owned property…or in other words, enslaved, to which our birth certificates are key.

When a ship comes in to dock in a port, its arrival is called a “berth.”

It is subject to the law of the sea, and is governed by the Uniform Commercial Code.

When it “berths,” the Captain of the ship must provide a “Certificate of Manifest” to the port authorities, documenting everything the ship is carrying. including identity and value.

When people are born, they are birthed out of the mother’s “water,” and are to be issued a “birth certificate.”

This is our “Certificate of Manifest,” as people are considered to be a corporation-owned item and subject to “International Maritime Admiralty Law.”

Jordan Maxwell is an excellent resource for more information about this subject, and his videos can be found on YouTube.

As MJ explained, the Company cannot do business with living people.

Corporations can only do business with other corporations.

So they have turned everyone into a legal fiction and made them a corporation, known as our “Strawman,” which is denoted by our names being spelled-out in all capital letters on our birth certificates and other legal documents.

This is known as “Capitis Diminutio Maxima” in Roman Law, and signifies the most comprehensive loss of status that occurs when person’s condition was changed from freedom to bondage.

It swept away all rights of citizenship and family rights.

This is connected to the 1302 Unam Sanctum papal bull issued by Pope Boniface VIII.

At the end of it, he writes “Furthermore, we declare, we proclaim, we define that it is absolutely necessary for salvation that every human creature be subject to the Roman Pontiff.”

A papal bull is an official papal letter or document, named after the leaden seal used to authenticate it.

They figure prominently in the historical narrative we have been given.

Other papal bulls that set the stage for the creation of the “New World” were the 1452 “Dum Diversas” and 1455 “Romanus Pontifex” of Pope Nicholas V, and the 1493 “Inter Cetera” of Pope Alexander VI.

The 1452 “Dum Diversas” papal bull of Pope Nicholas V granted the Crown of Portugal full and free permission to invade, search out, capture and subjugate unbelievers and enemies of Christ wherever they may be, and to reduce their persons into perpetual slavery.

His 1455 “Romanus Pontifex” papal bull was a follow-up to the “Dum Diversas,” confirming the Crown of Portugal’s dominion over all lands discovered or conquered during the Age of Discovery, encouraging the seizure of the lands of the Saracens, pagans, and other enemies of Christ, and repeated the earlier bull’s permission for the enslavement of such peoples.

The following year, in 1493, Pope Alexander VI issued the “Inter Cetera” Bull, essentially authorized the grab of the lands of the indigenous Moorish civilization.

Among other things, the bull assigned to Castile “the exclusive right to acquire territory, to trade in, or even approach the lands laying west of the meridian situated one hundred leagues west of the Azores and Cape Verde Islands, except for any lands actually possessed by any other Christian prince beyond this meridian prior to Christmas of 1492.”

These three papal bulls were to become major documents in the development of the Doctrine of Discovery, upon which subsequent legal decisions were based regarding claims of empire in the “New World.” 

Like, for example, the lands of the “Louisiana Purchase.”

We are told  the Lewis & Clark Expedition’s voyage to the Pacific Northwest, and its maps, and proclamations of sovereignty with medals and flags given to the indigenous people of the land they met, were the legal steps needed to claim title to each indigenous nation’s lands under the Doctrine of Discovery, a concept of public international law expounded by the United States Supreme Court in a series of decisions in 1823.

Under it, title to lands lay with the government whose subjects travelled to and occupied a territory whose inhabitants were not subjects of a European Christian monarch. 

In other words, the Supreme Court ruled that the Native Americans didn’t own their land.

Chief Justice John Marshall explained and applied the way that colonial powers laid claim to lands belonging to foreign sovereign nations during the Age of Discovery, and Chief Justice Marshall noted, among other things, the 1455 papal bull Romanus Pontifex  and the 1493 Inter Cetera bull in the Court’s decisions to implement the Doctrine of Discovery.

Next, MJ talked about the U. S. Constitution.

She said there have been at least three versions of this document.

It is an outline for government.

Our rights as Americans are outlined in the Declaration of Independance and the Bill of Rights.

She further explained that in 1871, the 41st Congress handed the duties of governing to the District of Columbia.

The District of Columbia was also established as a corporation and the seat of the “federal government.”  

Versions of the Constitution after this took place were created by the Corporate government.

Corporate “law” is Maritime or Admiralty Law.

She said it’s piracy and it’s meant to be confusing.

The 41^st Congress was not given the authority to contract a foreign company.

All laws, taxes, departments, courts and divisions are not natural to the original Republic.

The Act of 1871 states that D.C. cannot levy any laws or taxes or involve themselves with any domestic issues.

It’s “sister cities” are the City of London, and the Vatican.

All three are not considered any part of the country they are located in.

The BAR is the British Accreditation Registry.

This was not to be practiced outside of the District of Columbia.

Attorneys-at-law are practicing their own law.

This 1871 Organic Act also brought the Vatican’s Uniform Commerical Code, or UCC, into DC.

The UCC was based directly on Vatican Canon Law, the regulations for which are under the Roman Catholic Church.

Henceforth, all “laws” or statutes were considered the “law” for DC.

At this time, in the individual states were still practicing common or natural law, and there was no “judicial system.”

It’s interesting to note that on May 13th of 1871, less than a month after the 41st Congress passed the “District of Columbia Organic Act,” the Italian Parliament passed the “Law of Papal Guarantees,” which guaranteed sovereign prerogatives to the Pope and the Vatican, which interestingly for some reason, the Popes rejected in their refusal to recognize the Italian government’s right to grant them any prerogatives.

The Sovereign prerogatives conferred included such things as the Pope’s person being considered sacred and inviolable; that royal honors be paid to the Pope, including the right to customary guards; all the buildings that constituted the Vatican would remain the property of the Pope; and an indemnity would be paid to the Pope for the loss of the Papal State domains in perpetuity, to cover the expenses of the Holy See and the maintenance of Church buildings.

This all took place after the loss of the Papal States in September of 1870, of which heretofore, the Popes had ruled over Central Italy, with the capture of Rome under Pope Pius IX, and the last event of the chain of events leading to the reunification of most of the Italian States into the Kingdom of Italy, with the exception of San Marino.

As a result of the papal rejection of the “Law of Guarantees,” the Popes declared themselves “Prisoners of the Vatican” of the new Italian State.

This situated persisted until February of 1929, when the Lateran Pacts created the microstate of Vatican City, and the Holy See recognized Rome as the capital of what was the Kingdom of Italy at the time.

The City of London Corporation is the governing body of the City of London, which is home to most of the United Kingdom’s Financial Sector.

It is nicknamed the “Square Mile.”

While there is no surviving record of a first charter establishing the Corporation as a legal body, it is said to be regarded as incorporation by prescription, or that the law presumed it to be incorporated since it had been regarded as such for so long.

The history of the City of London Corporation’s first recorded royal charter was said to date back to one granted by William the Conqueror in 1067 AD with much in its history of one kind or another since that time.

The Coat of Arms of the City of London Corporation was to have been in use since 1381, and is anciently recorded at the College of Arms.

The dragon supporters on each side of it, and the crest at the top, were said to have been added in the early 17th-century.

The basic similarity with the red crosses on a white background between these three Coats-of-Arms is unmistakable!!

Oh yes, and there’s this Red Cross too!

Back to the United States.

According to the information that MJ provided me from her research, before the 1871 Organic Act, the States operated on the Ten Bill of Rights and the Ten Commandments.  

People were tried according to the 1215 Magna Carta and by a jury of their peers.

The Magna Carta was a Royal Charter of Rights and Freedoms granted by King John in June of 1215 in our historical narrative.

It was believed to be a unique and early charter of human rights.

She said there were no judges, no district attorneys, no police and no fines, licenses or taxes.

Individual states were considered sovereign and revenue for the states was obtained via tariffs.

These tariffs were based on trade between states, and a company established outside of the borders of the state was considered foreign (and still is). 

MJ looked for, and couldn’t find, the first name of the corporation that owned the District of Columbia, the City of London and the Vatican.

She said, however, the name then, and now, can literally be anything provided the terms “doing business as” or dba is denoted.

“Doing Business As” is a “trade name.”

A “trade name” is a pseudonym used by companies that do not operate under their registered company name.

The term for this type of alternative name is a “fictitious” business name.

MJ said the name of the corporation that owns the DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, the CITY OF LONDON and THE VATICAN is presently called the “CORPORATION SERVICE COMPANY” or “CSC,” with several DBA names.

The individual states were not considered a part of that corporation, yet incorporated cities were typically established by an overseas foreign corporate entity, like for example, the founding of New Ulm in Minnesota in 1854, by the “German Land Company of Chicago.

Overseas corporations scrabbled to incorporate cities in America to create revenue.

Taxes, fees, fines and licenses were money makers.

Early on, these were very nominal.

It wasn’t until the Buck Act of 1940 that States, cities and counties started bringing in Admiralty Law, the real money-maker and enslavement apparatus for the Corporations. 

The “CORPORATION SERVICE COMPANY” dba THE UNITED STATES CORPORATION COMPANY was able to gain access to the pocketbooks of the people residing outside of the DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA with the Bucks Act.

MJ provided the information on this is how it was accomplished.

The Federal Government instituted Social Security in 1935.

Subsequently, the Social Security Board created ten Social Security Districts, thus creating “Federal Areas” which overlaid the States.

Then in 1939, the Federal Government instituted the “Public Salary Tax Act of 1939,” a municipal law of the District of Columbia that taxed all Federal and State government employees and those who work and live in any “Federal Area.”

Since the government knew that it could not tax those who live outside of the territorial jurisdiction of the DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, the Bucks Act was passed in 1940, that allowed any department of the Federal government to create a “Federal Area” for the imposition of the 1939 Public Salary Tax Act, with the overlay for “Federal Areas” created by the Social Security Board in 1935 already in place, and the rest of the taxing law was contained in the Internal Revenue Code of 1939.

It opened up the entire country to the B.A.R. and each elected official was then considered employees of the “CORPORATION SERVICE COMPANY.”

States were annexed one-by-one.

In Minnesota, the state became the STATE OF MINNESOTA in 1966.

She said that when the States create a program, the also create shell companies.

Usually, the owner is the registered agent of the company.

There are over 5000 companies reported at 2345 Rice Street in Roseville, which is north of St. Paul, the State Capital of Minnesota.

This address is a 1970’s office building where “CORPORATION SERVICE COMPANY,” has a large office suite.

She said the listings exploded in March of 2021.

They started listing about 200 a month.

She found out that when she searched for these companies, they either didn’t have a website, or they have a false-front website. 

By the end of the 1970s, all states had been annexed by the “CORPORATION SERVICE COMPANY.”

The Buck Act made it “legal” to levy taxes and “federal law” on the people.

Annexation of individual states made it possible for the state politicians to also get in on the money-making action.

State Universities and public schools also became larger money-making ventures.

The “CORPORATION SERVICE COMPANY” has been with us in all aspects of our lives.

She said this used to be visible on Dun and Bradstreet. They’ve removed access to the information. Below is an old screen shot of D&B data. One thing to keep in mind is that .gov is also dba CSC, or the “CORPORATION SERVICE COMPANY”

Does the natural government that existed prior to the Company still exist?

MJ indicated that yes, the natural government that existed prior to the Company still exists today, and is paid for by the U S. Treasury and not the “CORPORATION SERVICE COMPANY.”

She explained it as follows.

Sheriffs, U. S. Marshalls and the Military are all part of the natural government.

She said prior to the Organic Act of 1871, Congressmen and Senators didn’t get rich holding any of these elected seats.

Nearly all of them kept their “day jobs” as farmers, ranchers, merchants, etc.

They had to live and work among their constituents and answer to them in person, unlike today.

She repeated that the United States is a Constitutional Federal Republic, and not a Democracy as it is so often characterized…

..and that our law is Common Law or Natural Law, and is written in the plain English referred to in the 1828 Webster’s Dictionary.

She said that the process is articulated in the First Amendment.

She explained the following.

The first part of the First Amendment translates to Congress being forbidden to make any laws that have to do with anything in regard to free speech or their right to speak or limiting speech.  

It is saying that government cannot make any laws in reference to speech at all.

The press does not mean journalists. Freedom of speech and of the press applies to everyone.

She said it’s the second part of the First Amendment that has been really convoluted concerning the right of the people to peaceably assemble.

Assemble means to convene or congregate.

She said it’s not about religion, but it can be.

She explained that the rest of the First Amendment states “…and to petition the Government for redress of grievances,” and that in this case, with the reference to assemble, it means to convene government to make them repair their wrong doings as written out.  Or, in other words, the right to assemble means the right to convene their government and to read the written transgressions and to fix it.

She said petition does not mean just a bunch of signatures.

It can have a bunch of signatures on it, but it’s really a handwritten document that outlines the grievances to be fixed. 

She said this is also part of the government’s process in their own manual, “Mason’s Manual of Legislative Procedure.”

“Mason’s Manual” has been adopted by the Federal Government and by most State Houses as the official parliamentary authority, covering for legislatures things like motions; vote requirements; and rules of order.

It was first published in 1935 by Paul Mason, a scholar who worked for the California State Senate

She said there are a few states that have adopted Jefferson’s Manual which refers back to the plain language of the Bill of Rights. 

She said everything that we’re talking about here is under Common Law, and that Admiralty Law can play musical chairs with the language and words, but Common Law cannot…

…and no courts shall come between the people and their government.

She said that State Legislators have subject matter jurisdiction over elections, elections are subject to the First Amendment and to Mason’s Legislative Practices.

And if even one Legislator makes it to the floor of the State Legislature with a handwritten petition for redressing grievances regarding an election, it would have to be validated or redone.

MJ indicated a turning point occurred during the Trump Administration, when Federal Reserve was rolled into the Treasury in March of 2020.

Prior to 2021, the government corporation (state or city) would write a bill and send it to the Federal Reserve to be funded.

Every dime of our tax money would go to the Feds to repay the debt, with interest.

As this stopped, the shell companies for all state and federal programs and government corporations started getting generated in mass.

In order to keep the money coming in, they have to create false programs and run the money through shell companies.

On the books, it looks like the money went to a vendor of the program, but essentially it went to the Corporation Service Company.

As the Treasury Department is not part of the Corporation, the government of the United States Corporation government can’t touch it.

She said this is how to define what belongs to the Corporation Service Company. and what belongs to the Republic, or falls under common law.

Most county seats are in the Republic, not under the corporation.

The courts are an exception to this as they are owned by the BAR.

The Treasury, Military, Sheriffs and US Marshals belong to the Republic.

Everything else is owned or was owned by the Corporation Service Company.

The National Debt belongs to the Corporation Service Company because the Federal Reserve was signed into law in 1913 by President Woodrow Wilson under the Corporation.

The national debt of over $32-trillion belongs to them, which has never been repaid.

Since the Corporation Service Company has not repaid their debt, they reorganized as CSC Global.

She said neither the States nor the “Federal Government” are linked to this new entity.

The Corporation Service Company and its new CSC Global are owned by WMB Holdings, Inc.

She said all roads lead back to Delaware, and that if you find an address on 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, Delaware, it is CSC/WMB holdings.

So let’s talk now about good reason to believe there is for great hope for our future instead of despair from the past.

Is there something new happening?

It’s very interesting to note that since the beginning of October, there have been secret windows appearing on the U. S. Debt Clock.

This was the first message to appear in a secret window, on October 1st of 2023.

Here are more examples of the debt clock’s “Secret Window” messages.

Recently, Rep.Steve Scalise introduced Rep. Mike Johnson as the 45th Speaker of the House.

But wouldn’t Rep. Mike Johnson be the 56th House speaker, elected to the 118th Congress?

45th does not sound like 56th.

1876 was the 44th house speaker.

Could it be possibly be true that events have been set in motion to return the United States to the gold standard and restore original Republic?

Now wouldn’t that be something!

If this is true, I, for one, am so ready for a new beginning!

How about you?

In my journey tracking cities and places in aligment with each other around the world, I kept coming across obscure, seemingly insignificant islands and island groups that are the subjects of territorial disputes between countries, many of which are still on-going in the present day.

I first published this post in October of 2019.

So I have been wondering about this for a very long time.

Now that I understand about the existence of Giant Trees with the help of Chad Williams of the “Deeper Conversations with Chad” YouTube channel, and their importance on the Earth’s grid system, I have a likely answer to the question posed in the title of this video…”What is it Exactly About the World’s Disputed Islands!”

In my latest conversation with Chad, “Giant Trees, the Earth’s Grid, and the New World Order,” among many other things, we talked about how the European Colonizers were going after tiny remote islands to claim for their countries.

We discussed a number of these remote islands from the perspective that they were former giant tree locations, as I had come across many of these islands when tracking alignments that were claimed by different European Countries as “Overseas Countries, Territories and Outermost Regions.”

We also discussed this illustration that Chad found in his research that appears to depict volcanoes connected by a root system exploding simultaneously all over the Earth.

This could provide an explanation as to why the giant trees don’t look like trees any more, and are called by all manner of names, including “volcano.”

There apparently is a connection to volcanism with these giant trees that has been completely left out of our awareness, as seen in this photo of the tree-trunk-looking Harra of Arhab volcano in Yemen.

As I said at the beginning of this post, I also kept coming across obscure, seemingly insignificant islands and island groups that are the subjects of territorial disputes between countries, many of which are still on-going in the present day, in my journey tracking cities and places in alignment with each other around the world, and in many cases, the odd stories associated with these disputed islands.

I will start with the Spratley Islands.

I found the Spratley Islands in the South China Sea when I was following one of the alignments that emanate off of the North American Star Tetrahedron at Merida, Mexico.

They consist of 14 islands or islets; 6 banks; 113 submerged reefs; 35 underwater banks; and 21 underwater shoals.

The northeast part of the Spratlys is known as dangerous ground due to low islands; sunken reefs; and degraded sunken atolls.

They are located on the alignment just northwest of Palawan Island…

…and Palawan, in the Philippines, is considered by many to be the most beautiful island in the world.

There is a star fort located in Taytay on the island of Palawan called the Fuerza de Santa Isabel.

From my extensive research on the physical lay-out of earth-grid alignments, and the frequent occurrence of star forts situated along the Earth grid system worldwide, I believe that star forts functioned as batteries on the Earth’s grid system, and were not originally military in nature as we have been led to believe in our historical narrative.

Back to the Spratley Islands.

The Spratly Islands dispute is an on-going territorial dispute between China, Taiwan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Brunei and Viet Nam concerning “ownership” of the Spratly Islands.

What is it about these islands?

Well, we are told they are of economic and strategic importance; hold reserves of natural gas and oil; productive fisheries; and is a busy area for commercial shipping traffic.

At the time I originally did the research for this post, I speculated that there is a powerful energy component here–whether placement, production, or something else–related to the Earth’s grid lines, and it is becoming clearer and clearer that the giant trees of the Earth were powerful components of the Earth’s grid system.

So, for another example of this in the South China Sea, just northwest of the Spratly Islands on the same alignment’s way through Hainan in China, the Paracel Islands are a similar group of islands, reefs, and banks that are strategically located; productive fishing grounds; and which also hold reserves of natural gas and oil.

While they are controlled and operated by China, they are also claimed by Taiwan and Viet Nam.

The archipelago consists of 130 small coral islands and reefs, most grouped into the northeast Amphitrite Group or the western Crescent Group.

Island names suggestively include: Tree Island; Woody Island; Pyramid Rock; and Money Island.

In ancient Greek mythology, Amphitrite was a sea goddess; the wife of Poseidon; and the Queen of the Sea.

The Paracel Islands are also the location of the Dragon Hole, or Sasha Yongle Blue Hole, the world’s deepest known blue hole at 987-feet, or 301-meters, deep.

Former giant tree location perhaps?

Dragon Hole is called the “Eye of the South China Sea,” and is where the Monkey King found his golden cudgel in the 16th-century Chinese classic of Literature “Journey to the West,” with authorship attributed to Wu Cheng’en.

The Battle of the Paracel Islands was a military engagement between the naval forces of South Vietnam and China in 1974, and was an attempt by the South Vietnamese navy to expel the Chinese navy from the vicinity.

As a result of the battle, China established de facto control over the Paracel Islands.

The next place that I am going to look at are the Falkland Islands, an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf.

They are 300-miles, or 483-kilometers, east of South America’s southern Patagonian coast, and 752-miles, or 1,210-kilometers, from the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, at a latitude of 52-degrees south.

It is a British overseas territory, and consists of two large islands – East Falkland and West Falkland – and 776 smaller islands.

The population of less than 4,000 people are British citizens.

Britain reasserted its rule over the Falklands in 1833, with a colonial presence also including French, Spanish, and Argentine settlements.

Argentina maintains its claim to the islands.

On April 2nd, 1982, Argentine forces occupied the Falkland islands.

On April 3rd, 1982, Argentine forces seized control of the east coast of South Georgia Island in the Battle of Grytviken, part of the South Sandwich Islands, and another British Overseas Territory near the Falkland Islands that is claimed by Argentina.

On April 5th, 1982, the Falklands War between Argentina and Great Britain started. While not officially declared a war, it was declared a war-zone.

The conflict lasted 74-days, and ended with Argentina’s surrender on June 14th, 1982, returning the islands to British control.

The South Shetland Islands shown here in this map are in the neighborhood of all these little island groups off the southernmost tip of South America, and are a group of Antarctic islands with a total area of 1,424 square-miles, or 3,687 square-kilometers.

By the Antarctic Treaty of December 1st, 1959, the islands’ sovereignty is neither recognized nor disputed by the treaty’s 12 signatories – Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States – and they are free for use by any signatory for non-military purposes.

However, the islands have been claimed by Great Britain since 1908, and as part of the British Antarctic Territory since 1962.

They have also been claimed by Chile and Argentina since the 1940s.

The Chileans have the largest number of research stations on the islands, as well having the Eduardo Frei airbase on King George Island, where the largest number of international research stations are located.

Moving to North America in the northern hemisphere, Machias Seal Island, which has a lighthouse in the center of it manned by the Canadian Coast Guard, is part of an on-going territorial boundary dispute between the United States and Canada.

Machias Seal Island is located on the border of the Gulf of Maine in the United States, and the Bay of Fundy in Canada.

Other boundary disputes, not limited to islands, between the United States and Canada include:

A fishing zone dispute at the mouth of the Juan de Fuca Strait between Washington State and British Columbia, and within which the International boundary between the two countries lies in the middle of the strait.

Here are photographs of what Cape Flattery looks like at the mouth of the Juan de Fuca Strait on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula.

Another area of dispute between the two countries is the Northwest Passage, which Canada claims as part of its internal waters, and the United States regards as an international strait, open to international traffic.

The Dixon Entrance, a strait about 50-miles, or 80-kilometers, long, between Alaska in the United States and British Columbia in Canada is also mutually claimed by both countries.

It is part of the Inside Passage shipping route.

It lies between the Clarence Strait in the Alexander Archipelago, a 300-mile, or 480-kilometer, long group of islands in Alaska to the North…

…and the Hecate Strait and the islands known as the Haida Gwaii (or Queen Charlotte Islands) in British Columbia to the South.

Members of the Haida Nation maintain free access across the strait, in the Haida Gwaii and islands in the Alaskan Panhandle where they have said to have lived for 14,000 years.

Next, the Kuril Islands dispute is a disagreement between Japan and Russia over the sovereignty of the four southernmost Kuril Islands.

They are a chain of islands stretching between the Japanese Island of Hokkaido at the southern end, and the Kamchatka Peninsula at the northern end.

While the San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951, signed between the Allies and Japan in 1951, stated that it must give up all right, title and claim to the Kuril Islands, Japan does not recognize Russia’s sovereignty over them, and this territorial dispute has not been resolved.

The original inhabitants of the Kuril Islands, and northern Japan for that matter, are the Ainu, as seen here in 1904…

…and today.

Other disputed islands around the world include:

Navassa Island, an uninhabited island in the Caribbean Sea.

This small island is subject to an on-going territorial dispute between the United States and Haiti.

The United States claimed the island since 1857, based on the Guano Islands Act of 1856.

The legislation essentially said that an American could claim an uninhabited, unclaimed island, if it contained guano, or bird droppings, which was an effective early fertilizer.

Haiti’s claims over Navassa go back to the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697, which established French possessions in mainland Hispaniola that were transferred from Spain by the treaty.

This is the deactivated lighthouse on Navassa. This is the only building left of what was previously on Navassa Island…

…possibly including this star fort identified as being in Lulu Town on Navassa, but I can’t confirm this finding because whatever was there isn’t there any more.

Lulu Town was previously situated around Lulu Bay on Navassa Island.

Abu Musa is a 5-square-mile, or 13-square-kilometer, island in the eastern Persian Gulf near the entrance to the Strait of Hormuz.

Abu Musa is administered by Iran as a part of its Hormozgan Province, but it is also claimed by the United Arab Emirates as a territory of the Emirate of Sharjah.

I found the island of Abu Musa, one of the islands of the Strait of Hormuz, when I was tracking the Amsterdam Island Circle Alignment.

On to Cyprus, an island country in the eastern Mediterranean, located south of Turkey, and west of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel and Palestine, north of Egypt, and southeast of Greece.

Based on the Cyprus Convention in 1878, Cyprus was placed under the United Kingdom’s administration, and formally annexed by the United Kingdom in 1914 (which would have been around the time of the start of World War 1).

While Turkish Cypriots made up 18% of the population, the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and Turkey in the 1950s.

Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an “extension of Anatolia” by them; while, since the 19th century, the majority population of Greeks on Cyprus and its Orthodox Church had been pursuing union with Greece, which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s.

After nationalist violence in the 1950s, Cyprus was granted independence in 1960 via the London and Zurich Agreements of 1959.

At any rate, conflict in one form or another between Greeks and Turks has existed on the island for awhile, with the island partitioned between the two.

Regardless, Cyprus is a major tourist destination in the Mediterranean today.

It’s important to note that the island of Cyprus shares the name of a tree, pronounced phonetically the same, though spelled differently.

So while we are told, no, they are not the same, there are in fact, cypress trees on Cyprus, and they are native to Cyprus.

The “Frank Cypress” in Nisou, is said to be 500-years-old, in existence since the time of Frankish rule there, is one of the tallest cypress trees on the island today, at 28-meters-, or 92-feet, -tall, and 4.5-meters, or 15-feet, -wide.

Also important to note that Cypress wood was used in the building of Solomon’s Temple.

There seems to be a lot more to find here about ancient giant trees in general on Cyprus, but let’s just say they are revered here.

Just a couple of more places to look at.

Tromelin Island is a low, flat island in the Indian Ocean.

Besides being a seabird and sea tortoise sanctuary, the only structure here is a meteorological station used to gather data in order to forecast hurricanes and cyclones.

It is located 310-miles north, or 500-kilometers, north of Reunion Island, and 280-miles, or 450-kilometers, east of Madagascar.

It is administered as part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands as a French overseas territory, however, the island nation of Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island.

I found both Mauritius and Tromelin Island on earth-grid alignments.

The last place I want to include in this post is Clipperton Island, an uninhabitated 2-square-mile, or 6 kilometer-squared island, in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the coast of Central America.

While it is not disputed now, it has been in the past.

It is an overseas minor territory of France, and administered under the direct authority of the Minister of Overseas France.

It has not been inhabited since 1945, though it is occasionally visited by fisherman, French Navy patrols, scientific researchers, film crews, and ham radio operators.

It is low-lying, and largely barren.

The surrounding reef is exposed at low tide.

Two Frenchmen first claimed the island for France in 1711, and named it “Ile de la Passion.”

In 1858, during France’s Second Empire, Emperor Napoleon III annexed Clipperton island as part of the French colony of Tahiti, even though it is the considerable distance of 3,400 miles, or 5,400 kilometers, from Tahiti.

It was named Clipperton for English pirate and privateer John Clipperton who fought for the Spanish in the early 18th-century who may have used it as a base for his raids on shipping.

Other claimants included the United States, whose American Guano Company claimed it, like Navassa Island, under the Guano Islands Act of 1856…

…and Mexico due to its activities there as early as 1848 and 1849.

It also has a lurid and bizarre history of its own from its days as part of Mexico.

In 1909, France and Mexico agreed to submit the dispute over sovereignty to binding international arbitration, and 22-years later, in 1931, the King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III, issued the final decision, declaring Clipperton Island to be a French possession.

However, after all of this territorial interest, Clipperton Island has been more or less abandoned since the end of World War II.

So, as expressed in the title of this post, there is something about the world’s disputed islands that make them desirable possessions worth fighting over.

As you can see from the locations mentioned in this post, these are mostly obscure, seemingly insignificant islands and island groups that are the subjects of territorial disputes between countries, most of which are still on-going in the present day.

There are many other examples of territorial disputes, but these are enough to give you the idea with regards to disputed islands.

I definitely think it’s significant that these little islands and island groups figure prominently on the Earth’s gridlines, and that there is much more to the story we are not being told, especially with regards to the once-existence of giant trees on Earth that were integral to the Earth’s grid system.

All of these islands are viewed as highly-coveted prizes, and as a critical part to nation-building plans.

The reason has been deliberately hidden from our view as to “What is it Exactly About the World’s Disputed Islands?”

In the course of my research, I have had occasion to look into three State Capitol complexes – that of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Des Moines, Iowa; and Sacramento, California.

As we shall see, the locations chosen for modern seats of government would have been very special locations in the original advanced civilization of the Old World.

Before I begin, “Capitol,” spelled with an “o” is the building in which a legislature operates., and “Capital,” spelled with an “a” is the seat of government, of states, provinces, or countries.

First, Harrisburg, the State Capital of Pennsylvania.

Harrisburg is situated on the east bank of the Susquehanna River, only 107-miles, or 172-kilometers, west of Philadelphia.

CZ had sent me screenshots of the Capitol District in Harrisburg aawhile back that was the basis for the research I did there.

What we are told is the land that became Harrisburg had been purchased by an English trader named John Harris Sr. in 1719; John Harris Jr. made plans to lay-out a town on his father’s land; and the land was surveyed by William Maclay, John Harris Sr’s son-in-law.

The city of Harrisburg became incorporated in 1791; and named the Pennsylvania State Capital in October of 1812.

The current State Capitol Building was said to have been designed by architect Joel Miller Huston, and built between 1902 and 1906 in the Beaux-Arts style of architecture.

The interior of the Pennsylvania State Capitol is described as having decorative Renaissance themes throughout the building.

It is part of what is called the Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex.

On the East side of the Capitol building is what is referred to as the East Wing, described as a 1987 extension of the Capitol building.

Flanking the East Wing are the North and South Office buildings,

The North Office building was said to have been built in Indiana limestone starting in 1927…

…and the South Office building in Indiana limestone starting in 1919.

We are told the oldest building of the complex is the Ryan Office building, with a construction completion date of 1894.

East of the North and South Office buildings, across Commonwealth Avenue, there are a pair of buildings situated across from each other at either end of the “Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Memorial Grove.”

I will be touching more on the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Memorial Bridge that you can see the pylons of in the background momentarily.

The Forum building is on the south-side of the Memorial Grove, was said to have been built out of grey limestone, and featuring 22 bronze doors, between 1929 and 1931 in the style of an open-air Greek amphitheater, complete with a star map of the night sky depicting the zodiac and other constellations with over 1,000 stars on the ceiling…

…and on the north-side of the Memorial Grove is the Pennsylvania Treasury Building, said to have been a project of the New Deal Era Public Works Administration during the Great Depression built between 1937 and 1940.

The eastern-most portion of the Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex is the “Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Memorial Bridge,”or the “State Street Bridge,” which connects the complex to neighborhoods across the railroad tracks that run east of North 7th Street.

It is a 1,312-foot, or 400-meter, deck-arch bridge said to have been constructed between 1925 and 1930.

The State Museum of Pennyslvania is directly adjacent to the Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex…

…run by the state through the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission to “preserve and interpret the region’s history and culture,” and includes a multi-media planetarium, and four-floors of exhibits covering Pennsylvania history from prehistoric times through today.

CZ also sent me screenshots of the Scottish Rite Cathedral and Masonic Temple of Harrisburg…

…with a tall obelisk on its grounds.

The 1,192-seat Theater and Ballroom at the Scottish Rite Cathedral is a popular community event venue.

And this seems to be the extent of what I am able to find out about it!

Next, I am going to take a look at the State Capitol Complext at Des Moines, the capital city of Iowa.

The Iowa State Capitol Building was said to have been built between 1871 and 1886, and the only 5-domed capitol building in the United States.

The Iowa Statue of Liberty is located on the capitol grounds.

It is described as a replica of the Statue of Liberty that was a gift in 1950 from the Boy Scouts of America as part of their efforts to “strengthen the arm of liberty.”

Interesting thing is, there are hundreds of replicas of the Statue of Liberty, said to be a figure of Libertas, a Roman goddess and the personification of liberty, all over the Earth.

Are they replicas…or do they represent something else entirely?

The Bicentennial Fountain is on the west-side of the State Capitol Complex.

What we are told about the Bicentennial Fountain is that it was originally a replica of a fountain that was displayed at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, and that after years of vandalism and disrepair, it was replaced by a new fountain in 1982.

So there’s another “replica of” to explain something’s existence.

Also in the Iowa State Capitol Complex, to the rear of the State Capitol Building, we find the Soldiers and Sailors Monument, an obelisk-looking monument, in direct alignment with the dome of the Capitol building, which we are told was erected to commemorate Iowans who fought during the Civil War.

The last place I want to look at in the Iowa State Capitol are the bridges over the Des Moines River on the west-side of the complex.

The East Locust Street Bridge is situated between the East Walnut Street Bridge and the Grand Avenue Bridge, and East Locust Street is in direct alignment with the Iowa State Capitol Building.

The other two bridges and streets go on either side of the complex.

Lastly, the California State Capitol complex in Sacramento.

The Tower Bridge crosses the Sacramento River, and leads right in to the Capitol Mall in front of the California State Capitol Building, in the same manner as the precisely laid-out bridges and streets connect to the State Capitol complexes in Harrisburg and Des Moines.

The California State Capital building was said to have been designed in the Neoclassical-style by Reuben S. Clark, and constructed between 1861 and 1874, which would have been completed three-years after the start date of the Iowa State Capitol building’s construction in 1871 according to the historical narrative we have been given.

The Tower Bridge is also a vertical-lift bridge, and connects Sacramento and West Sacramento across the Sacramento River.

We are told the construction of the Tower Bridge as a replacement bridge for the 1911 M Street bridge was said to have started in 1934 and first opened in 1935.

This would have been around the time of the Great Depression and the beginning of World War II.

The original 1911 bridge was described as a “swing-through truss railroad bridge” that was determined to be inadequate as the result of Sacramento’s population growth doubling between 1910 and 1935, and the city’s concern for needing a better crossing over the Sacramento River in case of war.

Alfred Eichler was credited as the architect of the Tower Bridge, and its architectural-style described as a rare use of “Streamline Moderne,” a style of “Art Deco” that emerged in the 1930s.

The two towers of the bridge alone are 160-feet, or 49-meters, -high.

It is located in “Old Sacramento,” the riverfront historic district, with Gold Rush-era buildings attributed to Victorian-era gold miners.

You can go on an “Underground Sacramento” Tour any day of the week, where you will learn how Sacramento lifted itself up out of floodwaters in the 1860s and 1870s by the “jacking” up of buildings to avoid further flooding.

The Tower Bridge is part of State Route 275 which connects West Capitol Avenue and the Tower Bridge Gateway with the Capitol Mall in Sacramento.

The Capitol Mall in Sacramento is described as a major street and landscaped parkway.

The former Drexel University Sacramento Center for Graduate Studies was in a building situated right next to the Tower Bridge at the address of 1 Capital Mall.

It opened in 2009, and started closing in 2015 to allow currently enrolled students to complete their studies.

It was then permanently closed.

There is a California State Government building called “The Ziggurat” in West Sacramento right next to the Tower Bridge.

The Ziggurat was said to have been designed to resemble ancient Mesopotamian ziggurats and built by The Money Store in 1997.

Since 2001, it has been leased to the state as the headquarters of the California Department of General Services.

The Ziggurat is illuminated at night on special occasions.

The Stanford Mansion is in the neighborhood of the Capital Mall, a couple of blocks south of the State Capitol Building and serves as the official reception center for the California government.

It was said to have been built in 1856 as a residence for Leland Stanford, a Railroad Baron who was a former California governor, and founder of Stanford University in 1885.

It was donated to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento in 1900, who operated a children’s home there until 1978.

The Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento, and is one of the largest cathedrals west of the Mississippi River.

It was said to have been built between 1887 and 1889 in the Italian Renaissance architectural-style on the outside, and the Victorian architectural-style on the inside.

The cathedral’s designer was said to be Patrick Manogue, a former gold-miner who came to Sacramento through the California Gold Rush, who became a Catholic priest in 1861 after studying in Paris, and then the Bishop of Sacramento in 1886.

He was said to have based the design of his cathedral on a church he was inspired by in Paris, and that it was built on land donated by the State’s first elected governor, Peter Burnett.

The Capitol Park in Sacramento covers 40-acres, or 16-hectares, and I will cover a few examples of what is found on the grounds.

The California State World Peace Rose Garden occupies roughly 5-acres, or 2-hectares of the area it covers, featuring 650 roses with different colors and fragrances.

The Civil War Memorial Grove on the Capitol State Park Grounds was said to have been planted in 1897 with saplings from famous Civil War battlefields, like Manassas, Virginia; Harper’s Ferry, West Virginia; and Vicksburg, Mississippi.

You know, it’s interesting, that we don’t even notice the straight-edges of megalithic stone blocks all around us that get used, like in this case, as a place to put signage.

Instead, a label like “boulder” is put on huge cut-and-shaped stones like this and which covers it up nicely as not being something out-of-the-ordinary that we should be paying attention to.

And the California Veterans’ Memorial on the Capitol State Park grounds is an 30-foot, or 9-meter tall, black-granite obelisk that was dedicated in 1998 to California’s veterans who had served in the Armed Forces since statehood in 1850.

These are just a few of the memorials and monuments to be found on the grounds of the park.

This is just a sample of countless examples of the shared characteristics of Capitol building complexes, and a few other locations nearby as well.

A sample is all that is needed to illustrate that they are all have similar characteristics of mind-blowing examples of monumental architecture and precise civil-engineering feats that do not match what we are supposed to have been capable of in our historical narrative, which would have been very low technology in the 19th-century and early 20th-century according to what we have been taught to believe.

The stories we are told don’t match the grandeur of the architecture and the incredible feats of engineering that we see in these places, and I would surmise the same is true of capitals the world over.

Things to consider in regards to how this ancient, advanced worldwide Moorish civilization has been hidden right in front in front of our eyes by those who have sought to keep our True History from our Awareness.

I have been working my way through who is represented in the National Statuary Hall at the U. S. Capitol Building in Washington, DC.

There are two statues representing each state, and I am currently about half-way through the 50-states.

As a way to highlight what I am finding out in the process of doing this research, I am bringing forward unlikely pairs of historical figures represented in the Statuary Hall who have things in common with each other in this separate series called “Snapshots from the National Statuary Hall,” and in this post I am pairing two ladies, Frances Willard and Maria Sanford.

The only reason my attention was drawn here in the first place was because I encountered two historical figures in other research who are represented in the National Statuary Hall – Father Eusebio Kino, a Jesuit Missionary and Cattle rancher, for Arizona, and Mother Joseph Pariseau, a Catholic sister and self-taught architect, for Washington State.

Seeing these two little-known, and on the unusual-side, historical figures represented there got me to wondering who else was chosen by their State to be represented there and what else could possibly be going on here.

Not only am I finding much in common between the pairs featured in each of the nine- installments of the “Snaptshots of the Statuary Hall” series, I am finding, regardless of fame or obscurity, that the National Statuary Hall functions more-or-less as a “Who’s Who” for the New World Order and its Agenda.

I have paired people like Michigan’s Gerald Ford, a former President of the United States, and Mississippi’s Jefferson Davis, the former President of the Confederate States of America, and both men featured on the cover of the “Knight Templar” Magazine; Dr. Norman Borlaug, Ph.D, often called the “Father of the Green Revolution; and Colorado’s Dr. Florence R. Sabin, M.D, a pioneer for women in science, both of whom worked for the Rockefeller Foundations; and Louisiana’s controversial Socialist Governor, Huey P. Long, and Alabama’s Helen Keller, a deaf-blind woman who gained prominence as an author, lecturer, Socialist activist.

As I mentioned, I am pairing two ladies in this post.

Frances Willard represents the State of llinois, and Maria Sanford represents Minnesota.

First, Frances Willard.

Frances Willard was an American educator, temperance reformer, and women’s suffragist.

Frances was born in 1839 in Churchville, New York, near Rochester, to Josiah Flint Willard, a farmer, naturalist, legislator & businessman, and Mary Willard.

The family moved to Oberlin, Ohio, in 1841, where her parents took classes at Oberlin College.

Oberlin College was established in 1833, and is the oldest coeducational liberal arts college in the United States, and the second-oldest in the world.

Then in 1846, the family moved to Janesville, Wisconsin, for the given reason of her father Josiah’s health.

There, Frances and her sister Mary were said to have attended the Milwaukee Normal School, where their mother’s sister taught.

The Willard Family moved to Evanston, Illinois, in 1858, where Josiah Willard became a banker.

Frances and her sister Mary attended the North Western Female College there.

Their brother Oliver attended seminary at the Garrett Biblical Institute in Evanston.

After Frances Willard graduated from the North Western Female College, she worked at the Pittsburgh Female College…

…and also at the Genessee Wesleyan Seminary in New York, which later became Syracuse University.

Then in 1871, she was appointed as President of the newly-founded Evanston College for Ladies.

In 1873, she was named as the first Dean of Women when the same school became the Woman’s College of Northwestern University.

This position didn’t last long for her over confrontations in 1874 with the University’ President, Charles Henry Fowler, who had been her fiance.

After this happened, she focused her career energies into the Women’s Temperance Movement, and she was involved in the founding of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), also in 1874, and was elected the first Corresponding Secretary.

The WCTU was among the first organizations of women devoted to social reform, playing an influential role in the Temperance Movement, supporting the 18th Amendment to the Constitution that established Prohibition, and influential in other social reform issues of the Progressive Era.

She was elected President of the National WCTU in 1879, and held this post until her death in 1898.

Frances Willard was also editor of the organization’s weekly newspaper, “The Union Signal” from 1892 to 1898.

Willard argued for the right for women to vote, based on “Home Protection,” as President of the WCTU, as a part of which she argued that having the right to vote gave women a means of protection in and outside of the home against violent acts caused by intoxicated men.

Frances Willard founded the World WCTU in 1888 and became its first President in 1893.

After 1893, Willard became a committed Christian Socialist, having been influenced by the Fabian Society in Great Britain.

The Fabian Society was a British Socialist organization whose purpose was to advance the principles of Democratic Socialism rather than by revolutionary overthrow.

Christian Socialism was established as a religious and social philosophy that blended Christianity and socialism, advocating for left-wing politics and socialist economics from a Biblical perspective.

Frances Willard died in her sleep from influenza on February 17th of 1898 where she was staying at the Empire Hotel in New York City just prior to leaving for a European tour…

…and was buried in the Rose Hill Cemetery in Chicago, Illinois.

She bequeathed her home in Evanston to the WCTU, and it became her museum and the headquarters for the organization in 1900.

There are a couple things that stand out for me in Frances Willard’s life story.

One is her affiliation with something called “Christian Socialism,” which apparently was based on an organization that was modelled after a British Socialist organization whose stated purpose was to advance the principles of Democratic Socialism rather than by revolutionary overthrow.

So, it sounds like they were finding another way to advance the cause of socialism and communism around the world through the establishment of democratically-run socialist governments, versus by means of the violent overthrow of an existing government.

In other words, they decided to achieve the same outcome of overthrowing the existing government and economic system by vastly different means from straight-out revolutionary overthrow.

Another thing that I would like to point out is that I find the whole Temperance Movement to be extremely interesting from a social stand-point of those times

On the one hand, the Temperance Movement was called a social movement against the consumption of alcohol, and typically criticized alcohol consumption and emphasized alcohol’s negative effects on people’s health, personalities, and lives, and demanded the complete prohibition of it.

Notice how similar the Temperance Movement cartoon entitled “The Drunkard’s Progress” is on the left to the illustration of “The Steps of Masonry” on the right.

On the other hand, the alcoholic beverage industry was becoming well- established during this time period between 1830 and 1900, creating the juxtaposition of a culture that encouraged the profuse consumption of alcohol, and at the same time there was a counterforce within that same culture that not only criticized alcohol consumption, but that got involved in “charitable institutions” with stated missions of guiding the poor out of the impoverishment and crime coming from the problem of drinking too much alcohol.

There has been an abundant supply of beer and hard liquor, starting at least as early as the late 18th-century, with people like John Molson in Montreal, whose business quickly grew into one of the larger ones in Lower Canada between 1788 and 1800, having sold 30,000 gallons, or 113,500-liters, of beer by 1791.

John Molson was also appointed the Provincial Grand Master of the District Freemasonic Lodge of Montreal by the Duke of Sussex in 1826, a position he held for five years before resigning in 1831.

Here is one of countless examples of the ubiquitous brewing business in Jamaica Plain in Boston alone.

Jamaica Plain was the home to most of Boston’s thirty-one breweries prior to the outlawing of alcoholic beverages during the Prohibition Era starting in 1920.

The reasons given for the high number of breweries were: 1) the quality of the water from the local aquifer; 2) the cheap cost of land in the area after merging with Boston in 1868; and 3) the influx of German and Irish immigrants here with a taste for lager and ale.

Yet, invariably the drinking problems have always been squarely placed on individuals and their addictions, instead of the never-ending supply produced by the alcoholic beverage industry.

Heck, even “Alcoholics Anonymous” has a step reference, like “The Drunkard’s Progress” and “The Steps of Masonry,” with its “Twelve-Step Program.”

Next, I am going to take a look at Maria Sanford.

She represents Minnesota in the National Statuary Hall.

Maria Sanford was an American educator, and one of the first female professors in the United States.

Maria Sanford was born in Saybrook, Connecticut, in December of 1836.

Old Saybrook is located where the Connecticut River meets Long Island Sound.

She received her education from the New Britain Normal School, the first training school for teachers in Connecticut, and the sixth in the United States.

Today it is Central Connecticut State University.

After graduating from the New Britain Normal School with honors in 1855, she taught in various schools around Connecticut for the next twelve years.

She moved to Pennsylvania in 1867, and became a principal and superintendent of schools in Chester County.

Known as an innovator, she conducted regular meetings of teachers and demonstrated new teaching methods.

She became a Professor of History and English at Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania from 1871 to 1880.

Swarthmore College was founded by Quakers in 1864, which would have been one year before the end of the American Civil War, and the first classes offered in 1869.

Sanford was invited to become a Professor at the University of Minnesota by its President, Dr. William Watts Folwell, and she joined the faculty there in 1880 as a Professor of Rhetoric and Elocution, where she also lectured in literature and art history, a position she held until her retirement in 1909.

She was a leading voice outside of academia.

Among other things, she was an advocate for the conservation and beautification of Minnesota for the cause of the Chippewa National Forest from within the Minnesota Federation of Women’s Clubs, along with fellow clubwoman and forest conservationist Florence Bramhall…

Sanford reached out to her community and to the nation with the power of her speeches, travelling throughout the United States delivering more than 1,000 patriotic speeches.

In 1917, she delivered a speech, along with the Mayor of Minneapolis at the time Thomas Van Lear, on good government and women’s suffrage.

She delivered her most famous speech to the Daughters of the American Revolution Convention in April of 1920, entitled “An Apostrophe to the Flag.”

But not only did she give speeches, she took on a highly active role in the public sector, including, but not limited to, becoming the head director of Northwestern Hospital and serving as president of the Minneapolis Improvement League.

The University of Minnesota was said to have constructed Sanford Hall as a women’s dormitory in 1910 in honor of Maria Sanford.

Maria Sanford died on April 21st of 1920 in Washington, DC, and was buried in Philadelphia’s Mount Vernon Cemetery.

We are told that for months after Sanford’s death, she was so beloved in Minnesota that gatherings in her memory were held at the University of Minnesota and her home church Como Congregational.

As mentioned at the beginning of this post, I am bringing forward unlikely pairs of historical figures who are represented in the National Statuary Hall who have things in common with each other.

For one, both women were very well-educated for their day, with both receiving an advanced education, with Frances Willard attending the Milwaukee Normal School & the North Western Female College, and Maria Sanford attending New Britain Normal School, the first training school for teachers in Connecticut.

Both women went into the field of Higher Education, with Frances Willard becoming involved in College Administration at the Evanston College for Ladies, which later became the Women’s College of Northwestern University; and Maria Sanford teaching at the college -level at both Swarthmore College in Pennyslvania and the University of Minnesota.

Just want to make note of the beautiful Old World architecture seen at all the schools these ladies were connected with.

And both women became leading voices outside of academia, with Frances Willard eventually becoming an International leader in the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in 1893, the same year she became a committed Christian Socialist; and Maria Sanford took on the causes of things like state conservation issues, and went on to become a nationally-known speaker praised for her powerful speeches.

These two women apparently were well-known influencers of their time in key areas involving women, social issues and politics.

But they both definitely fall in the category of obscure historical figures.

I myself would never had heard of them had I not been nosing around the National Statuary Hall.

I am going to just keep putting out there what I am finding in the National Statuary Hall at the U. S. Capitol building in Washington, DC, where in many cases, obscure historical figures like these two ladies were honored, but with their lives and times telling a different kind of story than what we normally hear about.

I am going to focus primarily on the historic trolley amusement parks of Brooklyn’s Coney Island in this post because there’s quite a bit of hidden history related to the historical reset to be found in this location.

This represents just a small fraction of the historic trolley parks, star forts and lighthouses once found in the Upper and Lower New York Bays and the Hudson River Valley, which I detailed in a previous post called “Star Forts, Gone-Bye Trolley Parks, and Light Houses of New York’s Hudson River Valley & New York Bays.”

Just in the distance ALONE between the entrance to the lower New York Bay at the Atlantic Ocean to the locations around the George Washington Bridge, I found: eleven star forts that are in pairs and/or clusters; five major historic trolley amusement parks; and eleven lighthouses.

There were three historic trolley amusement parks on Coney Island in the New York City Borough of Brooklyn, located right next to each other – Steeplechase Park, Luna Park and Dreamland.

For informational purposes, the other two of the five historic trolley amusement parks in the Upper New York Bay were Palisades Park near Fort Lee, New Jersey, on the Hudson River, and Fort George in Upper Manhattan on the Harlem River.

This is what we are told about the historic trolley amusement parks of Brooklyn’s Coney Island.

First, Steeplechase Park.

We are told that Steeplechase Park was created by entrepreneur George Tilyou in 1897.

He bought and improved the Steeplechase Horses attraction, which featured mechanical horses pulled along metal tracks.

The owner George Tilyou adopted a “Funny Face” mascot depicting a smiling man with several dozen teeth, nicknamed “the Tilly,” as the icon for his park.

The entrance to Steeplechase Park had a grand archway, on top of which were the statues of four horses.

Interestingly, the famous Brandenburg Gate in Berlin was also topped by four-horses.

Hmmm.

The Brandenburg Gate was said to have been designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans the Elder, who was inspired by the Propylaea of the Acropolis in Athens, and built between 1788 and 1791.

Carl Gotthard Langhans comes down to us in the historical narrative as a Prussian Master Builder and Royal architect in the Neoclassical-style, who was actually not trained as an architect, but instead educated primarily as a lawyer and mathematician.

His best-known work was said to be the Brandenburg Gate, but he was also credited with many churches, palaces, grand houses, interiors, city gates, and theaters.

We are told Carl Gotthard Langhans gained his architectural prowess from studying things like the ancient texts of the Roman architect Vitruvius.

Back to Steeplechase Park on Coney Island.

The park included at one time over 50 attractions on its midway alone…

…and Tilyou was said to have been inspired to build a Ferris Wheel after having seen the one at the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair on his honeymoon.

Other early noteworthy Steeplechase Park rides included the revolving Airship Tower, pictured here circa 1905…

…boats powered by naphtha, a liquid petroleum-product used as a fuel, cruising the “Canals of Venice,” a ride which he had removed sometime between 1905 and 1907…

…and the “Human Roulette Wheel,” which featured a giant , polished spinning disc that riders would sit in the middle of and slam into each other as it spun faster-and-faster.

In Steeplechase Park’s history, from its opening in 1897 and its closing in 1964, there were things like fires, rebuilding, rides added, and so on.

Like, for example, the 1907 fire.

This quick-spreading fire was alleged to ahve started from a carelessly-thrown, still-lit cigarrette into a garbage can at the “Cave of the Winds” attraction, and was finally extinguished two-hours later after having destroyed nearly everything within Steeplechase Park.

Remarkably, George Tilyou’s home at the corner of Steeplechase Park was spared due to the extra effort of fire-fighters on the scene.

Undaunted, George Tilyou vowed to rebuild Steeplechase Park, and to raise the funds needed to do this, sold 400,000 shares at $5-each, and threw in a season pass for each purchaser on top of that!

We are told the park partially reopened in April of 1908, and the reconstruction was said to be finished by 1909.

Here is a 1912 photo of Steeplechase Park, with the swimming pool front-and-center.

George Tilyou died in 1914, and Steeplechase Park remained in the Tilyou family until its closure in 1964, and over the years started to go into decline at different times for different reasons, but especially so with the onset of the Great Depression, which started in 1929 and resulted in a significant decline in park attendance.

The land of the former amusement park today is Maimonades Park, the location of a minor league baseball stadium.

The only remaining structure from Steeplechase Park is the defunct, but brightly-lit-up at night even today, Parachute Jump.

Next, I am going to take a look at Luna Park.

Luna Park at Coney Island opened in 1903.

It was said to have replaced Sea Lion Park that was operated by a man named Paul Boyton between 1895 and 1902, the first enclosed and permanent amusement park in North America.

Boyton was credited with being the first person to charge an admission fee to a large enclosed area containing multiple amusement rides and activities.

The so-named Captain Paul Boyton was a world-famous back-in-the-day aquatic daredevil and showman who travelled the world’s rivers in an inflatable rubber suit for “P. T. Barnum & Company’s Greatest Show on Earth & the Great London Circus.”

Here are some noteworthy historical side-notes about P. T. Barnum.

He was an early showman, businessman, and politician.

P. T. Barnum got his start in what is now the Financial District of Manhattan in 1841, with “Barnum’s American Museum,” which was known for its strange attractions and performances.

The attractions were a combination of zoo, museum, lecture hall, wax museum, theater, and freak show.

Apparently it became a central location in the development of American popular culture.

Barnum’s American Museum was filled with things like dioramas; scientific instruments; modern appliances; a flea circus; the “feejee” mermaid; Siamese twins, and other human curiosities.

The same “Feejee Mermaid” is still on display today at Harvard’s Peabody Museum.

On July 13th of 1865, the building which housed Barnum’s American Museum caught fire and burned to the ground.

Apparently there were not any human deaths, but a number of the live animal exhibits, including two whales imported from the coast of Labrador, were burned alive.

This was the second of five major fires connected to P. T. Barnum.

The first major fire associated with P. T. Barnum was the mansion he was said to have had built as his residence in Bridgeport, Connecticut, in 1848, and named “Iranistan.”

It was said to have been set on fire by workmen in 1857 when Barnum had been away for several months.

We are told Barnum had hired architect Leopold Eidlitz to design Iranistan as his own version of the Royal Pavilion in Brighton, said to have been constructed in England between 1787 and 1815.

The Royal Pavilion in Brighton was said to have been designed in the architectural-style of “Indo-Saracenic Revival,” as a seaside resort for the Prince Regent George, by British architect John Nash, who was called one of the foremost architects of the neoclassical-style of the “Georgian” and “Regency” eras.

The Flip Flap Railroad mentioned at the bottom of this image of Paul Boyton’s Sea Lion Park…

…was said to be the first looping roller coaster, on the left, and another historic Flip-Flap ride that comes to mind was the one at White City in London in what was called the Elite Gardens at the 1908 Franco-British Exhibition, on the right.

John Belcher was credited with the design of buildings here as the Chief Architect of the 1908 Franco-British Exhibition .

He was an English architect and President of the royal Institute of British Architects.

Paul Boyton’s remaining long-term lease on Coney Island’s Sea Lion Park was bought out starting on October 1st of 1902 by Frederic Thompson and Elmer “Skip” Dundy.

Thompson and Dundy were invited to the Steeplechase Park by George Tilyou for the 1902 Season.

They were known for their ride called “A Trip to the Moon” that was at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition that was held in Buffalo, New York.

The name of the fanciful airship that was the main part of the “A Trip to the Moon” ride was “Luna,” the Latin word for “moon’ for which, we are told, Luna Park in Coney Island was built around.

Well, for one thing, the problem with that story is that there were, and still are, Luna Amusement Parks all over the world, including, but not limited to, Mashhad, Iran, and Ankara, Turkey.

The land Luna Park was on was located next to where the Elephantine Colossus Hotel had been located.

We are told this hotel was a tourist attraction on Coney Island that was an example of novelty architecture, designed by Irish-American inventor James V. Lafferty.

The massive elephantine structure stood above Surf Avenue and West 12th Street from 1885 to 1896, at which time it burned down, giving Thompson and Dundy more land upon which to build Luna Park.

Speaking of elephants, this picture was taken in January of 1903, when Luna Park was said to have been under construction.

It shows Topsy the Elephant before she was executed by electrocution for being a “bad” elephant by Thompson and Dundy as a publicity stunt to advertise the opening of their new park. 

This seems hauntingly reminiscent of the building fire associated with showman P. T. Barnum that resulted in the tragic deaths of the large, helpless whales, and other animals, trapped inside.

The invited press that day included the Edison Movie Manufacturing Company, who filmed the event.

It was released to be viewed in coin-operated kinetoscopes under the title of “Electrocuting an Elephant.”

We are told the Luna Park’s architectural style was an oriental theme, with over 1,000 red and white painted spires, minarets, and domes on buildings constructed on a grand scale.

All the domes, spires, and towers were lit-up at night with several 100,000 incandescent lights.

In the middle of the lake at the center of the park was a 200-foot, or 61-meter, tall Electric Tower that was decorated with 20,000 incandescent lamps, said to be a smaller version of the Electric Tower featured in the 1901 Pan American Exposition in Buffalo.

Luna Park was accessible from Culver Depot, the terminals of the West End and Sea Beach Streetcar and Railroad lines.

Besides a multitude of rides, attractions at Luna Park included infant incubators, described as a new type of infant care where infant incubators containing premature babies were displayed in shows called “Infantoriums.

They were touted as “neonatal healthcare,” helping newborn babies with compromised immune systems by providing a sanitary environment to reduce the possibility of getting an infection.

infant incubators for premature babies became widely available at fairs and amusement parks across America, rather than hospitals, which we are told, had nothing to help them.

What we are told is that many parents of premature, at-risk babies pretty much had to bring their infants to a side-show infantorium at an amusement park or fair, and that these infant shows were the main source of healthcare for premature babies for over forty years. 

Say what??!!

Over the years, Luna Park would continue under different management, with constant changes.

The end of Luna Park came with two fires in 1944, one in August and one in October, which destroyed the park, and in 1946, the whole park was demolished.

There has been a Luna Park operating near the original location since 2010 that has no connection to the 1903 park.

Dreamland was the third and last of the three original parks said to have been built on Coney Island in the early 19th-century.

Dreamland was said to have been founded by successful Brooklyn real estate developer and former State Senator William H. Reynolds as a refined and elegant competitor to the chaotic noise of Luna Park, and opened in May of 1904.

The location of Dreamland was near the West Eighth Street subway station opposite Culver Depot.

Everything at Dreamland was touted to be bigger than Luna Park, including the larger Electric Tower, and four times as many incandescent lights than Luna Park.

Besides having high-class entertainment, morality plays, and rides, Dreamland had human zoos featuring dwarf inhabitants in what was called “Midget City…”

…a Somali Village…

…and a Filipino Village.

And, like Luna Park, Dreamland also had an infant incubator sideshow attraction.

It was typical for these historic permanent amusement parks and temporary exhibitions like World Fairs to have these infantoriums and human zoos as visitor attractions. 

So, as we saw with callous disregard for the lives of the animals in their care, these showmen and entrepreneurs had no regard for the sanctity and dignity of Human life either, except for how it benefited them.  A famous saying attributed to P. T. Barnum was “There’s a sucker born every minute!”

Another thing to mention is this, especially with respect to the existence of Human zoos during this time.

Exposition, the name frequently given to these large public exhibits, is a device used to give background information to the audience about the setting and characters of the story.

Exposition is used in television programs, movies, literature, plays and even music.

They were telling the general public the hunter-gatherer, or even head-hunter, narrative through these large expositions and exhibitions that they wanted people to believe and remember about these original people of the world, and not what they actually were as the builders of the original civilization.

Instead, they took credit for their accomplishments and legacy, and kicked the original advanced humans back to the Stone Age by their systemic practices of brutality, inhumane treatment, and marginalization, among many other things including large-scale genocide.

Dreamland’s life on Coney Island was ended only 7-years after opening.

On May 27th of 1911, a fire started at the Hell Gate attraction the night before the season’s opening day, and spread quickly, completely destroying the park by morning.

Brighton Beach is adjacent to the three major historic Coney Island amusement park locations, and shares the same name with the location of the Royal Pavilion of Brighton mentioned previously in this post. If there was an actual connection between these two places in the original civilization, it is long-lost.

The Brighton Beach Race Course was an American thoroughbred horseracing facility shown here opened on June 28th of 1879.

It was instantly successful and drew wealthy patrons from New York City.

The track prospered in 1908, when the New York State Legislature passed the Hart-Agnew Law, banning gambling.

The Brighton Beach Race Track was eventually torn down, and by the 1920s, replaced by residential housing.

Back around 2015, about three-years before I started blogging and doing my own research in 2018, I remember seeing a video on the New Earth YouTube Channel about megalithic stones strewn about on Coney Island’s Brighton Beach, so I searched for images like this one of Brighton Beach on the left.

What force could possibly cause huge megalithic stone blocks like this to be tossed around like children’s wooden blocks?

And the explanation we are given for faces amongst the rocks was that there was a mystery artist in the 1970s who carved them.

It is important to point out that the landscape looks absolutely ruined here, and Jamaica Bay just to the east of Coney is called a partially man-made and partially-natural estuary, and contains numerous marshy islands.

John F. Kennedy International Airport is on the northeast side of Jamaica Bay, and would have been in a short-distance, straight-line alignment with the former Brighton Beach Race Course.

There is a rapid transit line of the New York subway system that operates through the middle of the marshy Jamaica Bay estuary, the IND Rockaway Line that runs between the Aqueduct Racetrack Station terminal, another racetrack a short-distance, straight-line alignment with JFK Airport, and Rockaway Beach.

The long and narrow Great South Bay is east of Jamaica Bay on Long Island’s South Shore.

The Great South Bay is described as a lagoon that is 45-miles, or 72-kilometers-, long, and has an average depth of a little over 4-feet, or 1.2-meters, and is 20-feet, or 6-meters, at its deepest.

During the so-called Gilded Age, the Vanderbilts, Roosevelts, Whitneys, Morgans, and Woolworths were said to have built summer mansions on Long Island’ South Shore, and country estates on the North Shore of Long Island.

One definition that I found of “Gilded Age” is that it was a period of gross materialism and blatant political corruption in the United States from the 1870s to 1900.

Why were these wealthy families so interested in this marshy, ruined landscape on Long Island?

Just as one of many examples, the land on the Westhampton Dunes of Long Island’s South Shore is considered prime real estate.

But it wasn’t only on Long Island.

The Elites claimed the ruined land along the northeast Atlantic coast throughout the New York- New Jersey Estuary system for their special enclaves.

Why?

Clearly this was a very powerful place on the Earth’s grid system with all of the historic star forts, lighthouses, and historic amusement parks all along the Hudson River and New York Bays.

Similar to the still-existing IND Rockaway rapid transit line that runs through the Jamaica Bay Estuary, this is an old postcard showing the Atlantic City and Shore Railroad crossing a two-mile, or 3-kilometer, -long trestle bridge in the Great Egg Harbor Bay estuary, and was part of an interurban trolley system in New Jersey that served Somers Point and several other cities between Atlantic City and Ocean City in the years between 1907 and 1948.

The reason given for the end of its operation was a hurricane damaging the viaduct in 1948, and fixing it was cost prohibitive because of the decline in trolley use.

So those behind the narrative we are educated in, perhaps “indoctrinated” is a better word, definitely want us to believe these rail-lines were built by wealthy railroad barons, who in-turn were responsible for everything we know in our world coming into existence.

But what really flies in the face of this explanation are the countless examples of rail-lines, or historic rail-lines co-located with sunken, swampy, marshy, and also desert, lands, around the world, like in Portland, Oregon where there is a visible star fort point at the Smith & Bybee Wetlands Natural Area, which is now the location of the Bybee Lakes Hope Center for the Homeless.

This urban wetlands area in Portland is located right next to the still-operating BNSF Ford Railyard. 

The chain of low islands and reefs called Adam’s Bridge, also known as Rama’s Bridge, or Ramsethu, which separates the southern tip of India from Sri Lanka…

…has a rail-line today that still operates from the town of Mandapam in Tamil Nadu to the Indian side of Adam’s Bridge.

The Pamban Bridge crossing through here is described as a masterpiece of engineering, with a movable section midway that is raised to allow ship and barge traffic to pass through.

Over a mile-long, at 6,776-feet, or 2,065-meters, It was said to have been constructed between 1911 and 1914, which was the year World War I started.

 You can take a ferry across, in the same general location as the sunken parts of Adam’s Bridge, to Talaimannar, on Sri Lanka’s Mannar Island, and catch the train on to anywhere you want to go in Sri Lanka.

Sure looks like this part of the world was all-connected together at one time, and not that long ago.

Another example of a rail-line in an anomalous place is at the pink-colored Lake Burlinskoye in Siberia, where the rail-line still operates right through the water.

And the Salta-Antofagasta railway links Argentina and Chile through the Atacama Desert across the Andes Mountains.

These are just a few of many examples of railroads in anomalous places, and there are many more rail-lines that have been abandoned or removed all over the world.

I have come to believe through research findings like these, and others, that what has been characterized as the mud-flood was caused primarily by a deliberately-caused act performed by Aleister Crowley, known as the “Wickedest Man in the World,” on the day of the Philadelphia Experiment, that sent a massive energy surge through the Earth’s grid system by way of Montauk Point and Long Island, sending a ripple of energy across the entire surface of the Earth, causing the land itself to ripple, and in some places turn it into swamp, desert, or sink completely into the ocean.

I think the sinking of Atlantis took place much more recently than we have been led to believe in our historical narrative.

There are still abandoned railcars to this day in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey and the swamps of Louisiana.

There is a full explanation of this theory, with evidence that supports it, in a “Deeper Conversation with Chad” I had recently with Chad Williams and Adam Szecowka, called “The Destruction, Exploitation & Reverse Engineering Of The Earth’s Grid System,” in which we talk in-depth about this, and many other things.

Whatever caused the mud flood is being called a “reset” event, and photographic evidence exists demonstrating that buildings, canals, rail-lines, tunnels, among other things, were purposefully dug out after the event to the point where they could be used.

A sudden cataclysmic event accounts for how a highly advanced worldwide civilization of giants…

…could be wiped from the face of the Earth and erased from our collective memory.

If all this sounds crazy, remember the old saying “Truth is Stranger than Fiction.”

And even if still seems too hard to believe in, the reality of the world we are living in today is pretty strange and crazy, and how did we even get to this upside-down world??

Well, one thing that has gotten us to this place is that we have been taught and told egregious lies by the Establishment from cradle to grave, and we have not been told about an advanced civilization that existed on Earth from the ancient time of Mu, through Atlantis, to relatively recent times.

The parasitic and multi-dimensionally aware beings behind all of this want us to believe that suffering, sickness, misery, destruction, division, and death was and is our normal state of being, and not question what we have been taught about who we are.

They are the only ones who benefit because they energetically feed on Humanity’s negative emotional states, at the same time they have sucked up all the wealth of the Earth for themselves.

I am bringing forward unlikely pairs of historical figures represented in the National Statuary Hall at the U. S. Capitol who have things in common with each other in this series called “Snapshots from the National Statuary Hall.”

In this post, I am pairing John Winthrop, who is in the National Statuary Hall for Massachusetts, who was a leader in establishing the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630, with St. Junipero Serra for California, a notorious Franciscan missionary and Roman Catholic priest who established early missions in California.

So far in this series, I have paired Michigan’s Gerald Ford, a former President of the United States, and Mississippi’s Jefferson Davis, the former President of the Confederate States of America, and both men featured on the cover of the “Knight Templar” Magazine,; Dr. Norman Borlaug, Ph.D, often called the “Father of the Green Revolution; and Colorado’s Dr. Florence R. Sabin, M.D, a pioneer for women in science, both of whom worked for the Rockefeller Foundations; Louisiana’s controversial Socialist Governor, Huey P. Long, and Alabama’s Helen Keller, a deaf-blind woman who gained prominence as an author, lecturer, Socialist activist; Henry Clay, attorney, plantation owner, and statesman from Kentucky, and Lewis Cass, a military officer who was directly behind Native American Removals, politician and statesman from Michigan, contemporaries who were both Freemasons and unsuccessful candidates for U. S. President.; John Gorrie for Florida, a physician and inventor of mechanical refrigeration and William King for Maine, a merchant and Maine’s first governor, both Freemasons; and Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe during World War II and former President representing the State of Kansas, and Lew Wallace, Union General and former Governor of New Mexico Territory, representing the State of Indiana, both of whom were involved in the entirety of their major wars, and in the events concerning crimes in the aftermath of their wars; and Francis Preston Blair, Jr, representing Missouri, and Edmund Kirby Smith for Florida, both major players in events of the Mexican-American War and the American Civil War.

First, John Winthrop, one of the statues representing Massachusetts in the National Statuary Hall.

John Winthrop was an English Puritan lawyer, and led the first wave of colonists from England in 1630 and a leader in establishing the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the second major British Colony after the founding of Plymouth Colony in 1620.

John Winthrop was born in January of either 1587 or 1588 in Suffolk, England.

His father Adam was a prosperous landowner and lawyer, and his mother Annie came from a well-to-do landowning family as well.

The Winthrop family was granted Groton Manor after the Dissolution of the Monasteries, as the Lord of the Manor had previously been the Abbot of the Bury St. Edmunds Abbey, and John’s parents moved in when he was young.

The Dissolution of the Monasteries took place between 1536 and 1541, in which King Henry VIII disbanded the approximately 850 monasteries, convents and friaries in England, and leaving none.

Their income was taken and assets disposed of, and in many cases, like that of Glastonbury Abbey, the buildings on the property were left in ruins.

The Winthrop Coat of Arms was confirmed to John’s uncle by the College of Arms in 1592.

The College of Arms was said to have been first incorporated as a Royal Corporation in March of 1484 under King Richard III, and then re-incorporated in 1555 under Queen Mary I of England.

Heralds are appointed by the British Monarch and delegated to act on behalf of the Crown on all matters of heraldry, besides the granting of new Coats-of-Arms, including genealogical research and the granting of pedigrees.

During King Henry VIII’s reign, it was said that the College of Arms “…at no time since its establishment, was the college in higher estimation, nor in fuller employment, than in this reign.”

In 1530, King Henry VIII conferred the duty of “heraldic visitation” on the College, that of tours of inspection between 1530 and 1688 around England, Wales, and Ireland to register and regulate the Coats of Arms of Nobility, gentry and boroughs, and to record pedigrees.

During the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries between 1536 and 1541, this duty gained even more importance as the Monasteries were formerly the repositories of local genealogical records, and from then on, the College was responsible for the recording and maintenance of genealogical records.

The College of Arms has been on Queen Victoria Street in the City of London in the shadow of St. Paul’s Cathedral since 1555.

This is the Coat-of-Arms for the College of Arms, with the motto “Diligent and Secret,” which interestingly the heraldry-wiki doesn’t know the meaning of.

Could it possibly mean exactly what it says – diligent and secret?

Like we don’t want you to know something, but we are sure working hard at what we are doing!

This would explain a question I am often asked – how to explain something like a mud flood event and repopulation effort involving lots of orphans when some people have long genealogies in their families, and I am one of them, with long genealogies on all my family lines, including ancestors on the Mayflower on my paternal grandmother’s side.

Yet my husband’s family got the name Gibson from an orphan ancestor that worked on a cattle drive for a man named Gibson, and he took his name.

Another question that comes to my mind is why does the word “arms” refer both to heraldry devices and weapons?

I have had some major questions about King Henry VIII’s role in the historical narrative.

Many star forts were attributed to having been built during his reign, like the Portland Castle on the Isle of Portland between 1539 and 1541…

…and Sandsfoot Castle in neighboring Weymouth, completed in 1542 and that both were meant to defend the original harbor against French and Spanish invaders.

During this same period of time, the Jesuit Order was formed in 1540 by a papal bull issued by Pope Paul III, under the leadership of Ignatius Loyola, and included a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment.

In 1542, Pope Paul III also established the Holy Office, also known as the  Inquisition and the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. 

And in May of 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus published “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres,” offering mathematical arguments for the heliocentric, or sun-centered universe, and denying the geocentric model of the Earth-centered universe of Ptolemy, and the once widely-accepted geocentric model of the Universe was henceforth no longer considered adequate.

Copernicus’ Universe-changing book was published shortly before his death on May 24th of 1543.

Anyway, back to John Winthrop.

Winthrop entered Trinity College at Cambridge University in 1602.

According to the narrative, Trinity College was founded in 1546 by King Henry VIII.

Interesting to note that this architectural-style found at Trinity College looks just like college architecture found all around the world, with examples shown here at Korea University in Seoul, Korea, on the top left; Sydney University in Sydney, Australia, on the top right; Mainz University on Mainz, Germany on the bottom left; and at the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma on the bottom right.

John Winthrop left Trinity College in 1605 to get married to Mary Forth, the daughter of a family friend.

In 1613, Winthrop’s father transferred the family holdings in Groton to him, and he became Lord of the Manor at Groton.

Lord of the Manor referred to the landholder of a rural estate, enjoying manorial rights, which was the right to establish and occupy a residence, and seignory, the right to grant or draw benefit from the estate.

Also sometime around 1613, Winthrop enrolled in Gray’s Inn, where he read law but did not advance to the Bar.

Gray’s Inn is one of the four inns of court in London – along with the Lincoln Inn, Inner Temple, and Middle Temple – that educate and train barristers in order to be able to practice law in England and Wales.

The early records of all four inns of court were lost, and the exact dates of their founding is not known.

The records of Gray’s Inn are lost up until the year of 1569, but was believed to date back to around 1370.

Winthrop’s wife Mary died in 1616, and he was remarried to Thomasine Clopton, who also died in 1616, in childbirth in December of that year.

Through his legal connections, he began courting Margaret Tyndal, the daughter of chancery Judge Sir John Tyndal and Anne Egerton, the sister of Stephen Egerton, a leading Puritan preacher of his time.

John Winthrop and Margaret Tyndal were married in April of 1618.

At some point not long after they were married, John acquired a position at the Court of Wards and Liveries and travelled between London and Groton, where his wife and eldest son John from his first marriage managed the manor when he was away.

The Court of Wards and Liveries was established starting in 1540 during the reign of King Henry VIII by two Acts of Parliament – the Court of Wards Act of 1540 and the Wards and Liveries Act of 1541.

It was established around the issues of practical matters relating to the Crown’s right of wardship and livery of young orphaned heirs where their father had been a Tenant-in-Chief of the Crown, including having rights over the deceased’s estate, including income and land, so this special court also administered a system of levying and collecting feudal dues.

Does this mean that there were so many orphaned heirs that they had to establish a special court to handle them?!

And what is Livery?

Well, if you look up the meaning, livery is an identifying design, such as a uniform, ornament, symbol, or insignia that designates ownership or affiliation.

Most often it would indicate the wearer of the livery was a servant, dependent, follower or friend of the owner of the livery.

Apparently the “Office of Liveries” was joined with the “Court of Wards” in 1542.

I find this information about the “Court of Wards and Liveries” very intriguing, and would love to know more about what was going on here that is not found in the historical record.

Perhaps there was more to it than just a way of replenishing the Royal Treasury and controlling wards and the administration of their lands, which is found in the historical record.

But was there a connection between the English words “livery” and “delivery,” where definitions of delivery include 1) the transfer of something from one place or person to another; 2) the process of giving birth; and in law 3) the formal or symbolic handing over of property to a grantee or third-party.

Our historical narrative tells us the religious atmosphere for Puritans to started to change in England in the mid-to-late 1620s, after King Charles I ascended to the throne in 1625, and had married a Roman Catholic.

There was an atmosphere of intolerance towards Puritans and this state-of-affairs led Puritan leaders to consider emigration to the New World as means to escape persecution.

The establishment of Plymouth Colony on the shores of Cape Cod Bay in 1620 was the first successful religious colonization of the New World.

In 1629, a charter was received by Puritan investors that became known as the “Massachusetts Bay Company” to govern a land grant of territory between what became known as the Charles River in eastern Massachusetts and the Merrimack River, which starts in New Hampshire and flows southward into Massachusetts.

Puritan John Endecott led a small group of settlers to the area around this time to prepare the way for a larger migration, and he became the first Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1629 to 1630, and served as governor several more times over the years, for a total of sixteen years all together.

The exact connection by which John Winthrop got involved with the Massachusetts Bay Company is not known, but he had connections with individuals associated with the company.

Also in 1629, King Charles I dissolved Parliament, beginning a historical period known as “11 years of rule” without Parliament.

This worried Massachusetts Bay Company principal investors, and John Winthrop as well, who had lost his position with the Court of Wards and Liveries in the crackdown on Puritans that took place with the dissolution of Parliament.

The Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company proposed the company reorganize and transport its charter and governance to the colony, and as the months went on, John Winthrop became more involved with the company, and a major supporter of emigration there.

John Winthrop was a signatory on the Cambridge Agreement, which was signed on August 29th of 1629 by company shareholders.

Under its terms, those who wanted to emigrate to the New World could purchase shares from those shareholders who didn’t want to leave home.

The Cambridge Agreement also set forth that the Massachusetts Bay Colony would be under local control, and not governed by a London-based corporate board.

The company shareholders met in August of 1629 to enact the agreement.

At this time, John Winthrop was chosen as the new Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company, and, along with other company officials, set about making all the necessary arrangements for the venture of settling in the New World.

John Winthrop was on one of four ships of the transport fleet that left the Isle of Wight on April 8th of 1630.

All together, there were eleven ships that carried roughly 700 emigrants to the new colony.

John Winthrop, with the charter for the Massachusetts Bay Colony in hand, and the new colonists arrived in Salem, Massachusetts, in June of 1630, and were welcomed by John Endecott.

Winthrop found the Salem area inadequate for the arrival of all the new colonists, so he and his deputy, Thomas Dudley, surveyed the area, and eventually settled on the Shawmut Peninsula, where they founded what became the city of Boston.

They also established settlements along the coast, and banks of the Charles River, we are told, in order to avoid presenting a single point that hostile forces might attack.

So along with Boston, these settlements were Cambridge, Roxbury, Dorchester, Watertown, Medford, and Charlestown.

This map was the illustration that appeared opposite the title page of William Wood’s book from that time entitled: “New Englands Prospect” and called “A true, lively and experimentall description of that part of America commonly called New England; discovering the state of that Countrie, both as it stands to our new-come English Planters; and to the old native inhabitants. Laying down which that which might enrich the knowledge of the mind-travelling reader, or benefit the future voyager.”

This selection from William Wood’s book was of a map showing the plantations along Massachusetts Bay, and the word or name Sagamore is showing in several places.

The word “Sagamore” or “Sachem” apparently denoted a leader of the Algonquin-speaking peoples.

I just want to say that it is extremely difficult to find information about who the Algonquin people really are because the visuals we see are typically like this.

Here is an historic photograph that I came across of the Algonquin Narragansett people of Rhode Island, circa 1925.

We are told that in its early months, the new colony struggled, losing around 200 people to various diseases.

Winthrop worked alongside the laborers and servants in the work of the colony, setting an example for the other colonists to do all the work that needed to be done on the “plantation.”

Interesting to see the word “plantation” used so much even from the very beginnings of the New World.

In the history of colonialism, plantation was a form of colonization where settlers would establish a permanent or semi-permanent settlement in a new region.

Looks like the colonizers were literally “planting” themselves in a new place.

Not only were settlements and settlers being planted in a new region from somewhere else, this plantation system of the colonizers quickly laid the foundation for slavery on large farms owned by “planters” where cash crop goods were produced.

The word plantation first started appearing in the late 1500s to describe the process of colonization, like the Plantations of Ireland in the 16th- and 17th-centuries, during which time we are told the English Crown confiscated land from Irish Catholics and redistributed the land to Protestant settlers from Great Britain…

…creating all kinds of long-term problems.

The British Plantations of Ireland replaced the Irish language, law and customs with those of the British, created sectarian hatred between Protestants and Catholics, and Northern Ireland is still part of Britain to this day.

Back to John Winthrop.

This plaque memorializes John Winthrop’s first house in Boston, said to have been built nearby.

The marker was placed on the old Boston Stock Exchange Building, located at 53 State Street, by the City of Boston in 1930.

The old Boston Stock Exchange Building was said to have been built between 1889 and 1891 from designs by the architectural firm of Peabody & Stearns, and one of the largest office buildings in America back in the day, and in its hey-day housed banks, corporations, safe-deposit vaults, lawyers, and businessmen.

Governor Winthrop was also granted an estate on the southern bank of the Mystic River in Somerville, Massachusetts, by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in September of 1631 that he called “Ten Hills Farm.”

It was so-named for what were called “ten small knolls” on the property, which included orchards and meadows for grazing cattle.

Ten Hills Farm was inherited by his son, John Winthrop, Jr, in 1649, who was the Governor of the Connecticut Colony between 1659 and 1676.

Today Ten Hills is a neighborhood of Somerville.

On the other side of the Mystic River from Ten Hills Farm was a shipyard owned in absentia by Mathew Cradock, one of the original principal investors of the Massachusetts Bay Company, and it was there that one of the colony’s first ships was said to have been built, the 30-ton “Blessing of the Bay,” and first launched on July 4th of 1631.

It was operated by John Winthrop as a trading and packet ship up and down the coast of New England, but only for a short time as the ship “disappeared from view,” possibly wrecked on the capes in 1633 on a voyage to Virginia with a load of fish and furs.

Winthrop was a big regional landowner.

He also owned the land that became the town of Billerica…

…Governor’s Island in Boston Harbor…

…and Prudence Island in Narragansett Bay in Rhode Island.

Winthrop spent a lot of time writing, including his “The History of New England: 1630 – 1649,” also known as “The Journal of John Winthrop,” which was apparently not published until the late 18th-century.

John Winthrop died of natural causes in March of 1649 and was buried in the King’s Chapel Burying Ground, the oldest cemetery in Boston and a site on the Freedom Trail.

The Freedom Trail is a 2.5-mile, or 4-kilometer, -long path through Boston with sixteen locations significant to the history of the United States that was established in 1951.

Next, St. Junipero Serra.

St. Junipero Serra, a Franciscan missionary and Roman Catholic priest, represents California in the National Statuary Hall.

He was credited with establishing the Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda in Mexico, said to have been built between 1750 and 1760 a UNESCO World Heritage Site…

…as well as the first nine of twenty-one missions in California, from San Diego to San Francisco from 1770 to 1782.

The Tongva people were indigenous to the South Channel Islands and the Los Angeles Basin.

The collapse of Tongva society and culture of the region was initiated with Junipero Serra’s founding of the San Gabriel Mission in Los Angeles County in 1771.

The Spanish initiated forced relocation and enslavement of the native Tongva people under the mission system to secure their labor, and some of the nicknames of the San Gabriel Mission in San Gabriel California is the “Queen of the California Missions,” and “Mother of Agriculture in California.”

Junipero Serra was beatified in 1988 by Pope John Paul II over the denunciations of Native American tribes that accused him of heading a brutal colonial subjugation.

Then in 2015, Pope Francis canonized him, and he became Saint Junipero Serra, the first saint to be canonized on U. S. soil at the National Basilica in Washington, D. C.

Serra was nicknamed the “Apostle of California” for his missionary efforts, but before and after his canonization, his reputation and missionary work was condemned for reasons given like mandatory conversions of the native population to Catholicism and atrocities committed against them.

That’s what they say about him anyway!

I am bringing forward unlikely pairs of historical figures who are represented in the National Statuary Hall who have things in common with each other, as mentioned at the beginning of this post.

I think the main thing that jumps out in this pairing of John Wintrhop and the sainted Junipero Serra is that they were engaged in the same kinds of activities setting up new economic slavery systems and infrastructure, with Winthrop on the East Coast for British and Church of England interests, and Serra on the west coast for the Spanish Empire and the Catholic Church .

The Council of New England and the Church of England were busy colonizing and settling New England starting in 1620, almost exactly 100-years after the Vice-Royalty of New Spain and the Catholic Church did the same thing following the Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521.

Central Mexico became the base of expeditions of exploration and conquest, in what became a huge area that comprised the Spanish colonization of the Americas, including California among many other places, in much the same way that New England became a major starting point for the British colonization and exploration of North America.

Along these lines, the Spanish Mission System of California sounded A LOT like the English plantation system of New England.

Just going to keep putting it out there that what I am finding in the National Statuary Hall at the U. S. Capitol building in Washington, DC, seems more often than not a “Who’s Who” for the New World Order and its Agenda, and in many cases honoring obscure historical figures, like these two men, with their lives and times telling a completely different kind of story than what we normally hear about.