In this series called “Snapshots from the National Statuary Hall,” I am bringing forward unlikely pairs of historical figures represented in the National Statuary Hall at the U. S. Capitol who have things in common with each other .
In this post, I am pairing Samuel Adams, who is in the National Statuary Hall for Massachusetts, who was an American statesman, politician, Founding Father of the United States, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton, who represents the State of Maryland, and was an Irish-American politician, planter, the only Catholic signer of the Declaration of Independence, and also considered a Founding Father.
So far in this series, I have paired Michigan’s Gerald Ford, a former President of the United States, and Mississippi’s Jefferson Davis, the former President of the Confederate States of America, and both men featured on the cover of the “Knight Templar” Magazine,; Dr. Norman Borlaug, Ph.D, often called the “Father of the Green Revolution; and Colorado’s Dr. Florence R. Sabin, M.D, a pioneer for women in science, both of whom worked for the Rockefeller Foundations; Louisiana’s controversial Socialist Governor, Huey P. Long, and Alabama’s Helen Keller, a deaf-blind woman who gained prominence as an author, lecturer, Socialist activist; Henry Clay, attorney, plantation owner, and statesman from Kentucky, and Lewis Cass, a military officer who was directly behind Native American Removals, politician and statesman from Michigan, contemporaries who were both Freemasons and unsuccessful candidates for U. S. President.; John Gorrie for Florida, a physician and inventor of mechanical refrigeration and William King for Maine, a merchant and Maine’s first governor, both Freemasons; and Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe during World War II and former President representing the State of Kansas, and Lew Wallace, Union General and former Governor of New Mexico Territory, representing the State of Indiana, both of whom were involved in the entirety of their major wars, and in the events concerning crimes in the aftermath of their wars; and Francis Preston Blair, Jr, representing Missouri, and Edmund Kirby Smith for Florida, both major players in events of the Mexican-American War and the American Civil War; and John Winthrop, a leader in establishing the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630, with St. Junipero Serra, a notorious Franciscan missionary and Roman Catholic priest who established early missions in California.
First, Samuel Adams.
Samuel Adams represents the State of Massachusetts in the National Statuary Hall.
Samuel Adams was an American statesman, politician, Founding Father of the United States, and one of the architects of the principles of American Republicanism that shaped the political culture of the United States.
Samuel Adams was born in Boston in the British Colony of Massachusetts in September of 1722, one of three children who survived out of 12 born to his parents, brewer Samuel Adams Sr. and Mary Fifield Adams.
They were Puritans, and members of the Old South Congregational Church, which is famous as the place where the Boston Tea Party was organized.
This is a photo of the original Old South Meeting House circa 1900…
…which still stands today at the corner of Milk and Washington Streets in Boston’s Downtown Crossing area.
We are told that the present building of the Old South Congregational Church was completed in 1873 after the Old South Meeting House was almost destroyed in the Great Boston Fire of 1872.
Is it just me, or does the Old South Church’s cornerstone look a little strange?
It looks plastered over, and is not the same material as the stone surrounding it.
And the “16” of the “1670” date sure looks like it was worked with more than once.
The elder Samuel Adams, a Deacon of the church, entered politics through an informal political organization known to history as the “Boston Caucus,” which he was one of the founders of.
The “Boston Caucus” promoted candidates who supported popular causes in the years before and after the American Revolution, typically meeting in the smoke-filled rooms of taverns or pubs.
The younger Samuel Adams attended the Boston Latin School, which was established in 1635, and the oldest public school in British America and the oldest existing school in the United States.
Adams entered Harvard College in 1736 and graduated in 1740.
He continued in his studies, earning a Master’s Degree in 1743.
He was particularly interested in politics and colonial rights.
Founded in 1636, Harvard College, the original school of Harvard University, is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.
Harvard University is located right across the street from the Boston Latin School, and among many other universities and museums, the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is only a short-walking-distance from the Boston Latin School.
The largest art theft in U. S. history took place on March 18th of 1990, at which time twelve paintings and a Chinese Shang Dynasty vase, all together worth $100 to $300 million, were stolen from Boston’s Isabella Stewart Gardner Art Museum.
There is still a $10 million reward in place today for information leading to the recovery of the art work.
The museum was said to have been built between 1898 and 1901, with the design heavily influenced by art-collector and philanthropist Isabella Stewart Gardner herself on the left, in the style of a 15th-century Venetian Palace, of which the 15th-century Palazzo Santa Sofia in Venice on the right is an example of this type of architecture.
The art museum is located near the Back Bay Fens, one of the areas of Boston that was reclaimed between 1820 and 1900, and said to have been designed by Frederick Law Olmsted as part of Boston’s Emerald Necklace system of parks.
Back to Samuel Adams.
Adams considered going into law after leaving Harvard in 1743, but ended up going into business, working at a counting house until he was let go after a few months because he was too preoccupied with politics.
His father subsequently made him a partner in the family’s malthouse, where the malt necessary for brewing beer was produced.
He was first elected into political office in 1747 as one of the clerks of the Boston Market, and in 1756, he was elected to the position of Tax Collector by the Boston Town Meeting.
In January of 1748, Samuel Adams and some friends launched “The Independent Advertiser,” which advocated republicanism, liberty and independence from Great Britain, after he and his friends became inflamed by British impressment, where men were forcibly taken into military or naval service.
He went into what can best be described as full-on political activism against Great Britain.
The 1764 Sugar Act passed by the British Parliament was a revenue-raising act for goods which could only be exported to Britain.
It was protested in the colonies for its economic impact, as well as the issue of taxation without representation, by merchants boycotting British goods and Samuel Adams drafted a report on the Sugar Act for the Massachusetts Assembly, in which he called the Sugar Act an infringement of the rights of the colonists as British subjects.
The Sugar Act was repealed in 1766 and replaced with the Revenue Act that same year, which reduced the tax to one penny per gallon on molasses imports.
The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act in 1765, which required colonists to pay a new tax on most printed materials.
Adams supported the calls for a boycott of British goods to pressure Parliament to repeal the tax.
Riots from groups like the Loyal Nine, a precursor to the Sons of Liberty, during this time resulted in some homes and businesses being destroyed, and the jury is out on whether or not Adams was directly involved in directing violent agitators in protest.
Adams was appointed to the Boston Town Meeting in September of 1765 to write the instructions for Boston’s delegation to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and he was selected to become a Representative for Boston later that same month.
Adams was the main author of several House resolutions against the Stamp Act, and he was also said to be one of the first colonial leaders to argue that mankind possessed certain natural rights that governments could not violate.
The Stamp Act did not go into effect when it was supposed on November 1st of 1765 because protestors throughout the colonies had forced stamp distributors to resign and the tax was subsequently repealed in March of 1766.
Next came the Townshend Acts.
The Townshend Acts were established by the British Parliament in 1767, establishing new duties on goods imported to the colonies to help pay for the costs of governing the American colonies.
The revenues generated from this were to be used to pay for governors and judges independent of colonial control and compliance enforced by the newly created American Board of Custom Commissioners, headquartered in Boston.
Resistance grew to the Townshend Acts and Samuel Adams organized an economic boycott through the Boston Town Meeting, and called for other towns and colonies to join the boycott.
Samuel Adams wrote what became known as the “Massachusetts Circular Letter,” calling on the colonies to join Massachusetts in resisting the Townshend Acts, which was approved by the Massachusetts House on February 11th of 1768, after having not been approved at first.
Lord Hillsborough, the British Colonial Secretary, instructed colonial governors to dissolve their assemblies if they responded to the letter, and directed the Massachusetts Governor, Francis Bernard, to have the Massachusetts House rescind the letter, which the House refused to do.
Governor Bernard dissolved the legislature after Samuel Adams presented another petition to remove the Governor from office.
The Commissioners of the Customs Board requested military assistance from Great Britain when they found they could not enforce trade regulations in Boston, and a 50-gun warship arrived in Boston Harbor in May of 1768, the HMS Romney.
Tensions escalated when the captain of the Romney began to forcibly impress local sailors to serve on the HMS Romney.
This led to Customs officials seizing a ship belonging to John Hancock named “Liberty” for alleged customs’ violations, and a riot broke out when sailors from the HMS Romney came to tow the “Liberty.”
This in turn led to Massachusetts Governor Bernard writing to London in response to this incident and requesting that troops be sent to Boston to restore order, and Lord Hillsborough ordered four regiments of the British Army there, with the first troops arriving in October of 1768.
In September of 1768, When Governor Bernard refused the request of the Boston Town Meeting to convene the General Court upon learning about the incoming British troops, the Boston Town Meeting called on other Massachusetts towns to send representatives to meet at Faneuil Hall starting on September 22nd, and one-hundred towns sent delegates to the convention, which issued a letter stating that Boston was a lawful town, and that the pending military occupation would violate the natural, constitutional, and charter rights of the citizens of Boston.
The British occupation of Boston was said to have been a turning point for Samuel Adams according to some accounts, who started working towards American independence and gave up hope for reconciliation with Great Britain.
He wrote a number of letters and essays against the occupation, considering it a violation of the 1689 Bill of Rights, which was an act of Parliament seen as a landmark in English Constitutional Law that laid out basic civil rights.
The “Journal of Occurrences” publicized the occupation of Boston throughout the colonies in a series of unsigned articles that may or may not have been written by Adams.
The articles were claimed to be a factual daily account of events in Boston under British occupation, depicting unruly British soldiers assaulting citizens on a regular basis with no consequences to them.
Publication of the “Journal of Occurrences” ended on August 1st of 1769, when Governor Bernard permanently left Massachusetts.
Two British regiments were removed from Boston in 1769, and two remained.
The Boston Massacre took place in March of 1770.
Five civilians were killed by British soldiers in a crowd of several hundred who were said to have been taunting the soldiers.
The incident was well-publicized by Samuel Adams and Paul Revere, and was depicted in Revere’s 1770 engraving pictured here.
The situation quieted down somewhat after the Boston Massacre, with Parliament repealing the Townshend Acts in April 1770, with the exception of the tax on tea.
Samuel Adams continued to urge the colonists to boycott British goods, but the boycott faltered because of the improvement of economic conditions.
Adams and his associates came up with a system of “Committees of Correspondence” between towns in Massachusetts in November of 1775, where they would consult with each other on political matters by way of messages sent through these committees that recorded British activities and protested British policies.
These committees of correspondence soon formed in other colonies as well.
The new Massachusetts Governor, businessman and Loyalist politician, Thomas Hutchinson, became concerned that the Committees of Correspondence System was becoming an independence movement.
The Governor addressed the Massachusetts legislature and argued that denying the supremacy of Parliament came dangerously close to rebellion.
Adams and the House responded to him by saying that the Massachusetts Charter did not establish Parliament’s supremacy over the province, so Parliament could not claim that authority.
This exchange was published and publicized in the widely distributed “Boston Pamphlet.”
Samuel Adams was said to have been a leader in the events leading up to the Boston Tea Party that took place in December of 1773 in our historical narrative.
The British Parliament had passed the Tea Act in May of 1773 to help the British East India Company, who had amassed a surplus of tea that it could not sell.
The Tea Act allowed the East India Company to sell the tea directly to the colonies , granting them significant cost advantage over local merchants and reduction in their taxes paid in Great Britain while at the same time keeping the Townshend duty on tea imported in the colonies.
In late 1773, seven ships were sent to the colonies carrying the surplus tea, with four bound for Boston Harbor.
Adams and the Committees of Correspondence promoted opposition to the Tea Act, and with the exception of Massachusetts, every colony was successful in not having the tea delivered.
Governor Hutchinson was determined to hold his ground and have the tea delivered to those designated to receive it.
All other efforts to prevent the tea from being unloaded having failed, on the night of December 16th of 1773, approximately 342 chests of tea were dumped overboard in the course of three-hours by a large group of men known as the “Sons of Liberty.”
Samuel Adams publicized the event and defended it, arguing that the Boston Tea Party was not the act of a lawless mob, but the only remaining option left to people to defend their rights.
Great Britain’s response to the Boston Tea Party was the introduction of the Coercive, also known as Intolerable, Acts, of which the first was the Boston Port Act, enacted in March of 1774, and effective June 1st, which closed Boston’s commerce until the British East India Company had been repaid for the destroyed tea.
The May of 1774 Massachusetts Government Act rewrote the Massachusetts Charter, making numerous officials royally-appointed as opposed to elected.
Also passed by the British Parliament in May of 1774, the Administration of Justice Act allowed colonists charged with crimes to be transported to another colony or to Great Britain for trial.
General Thomas Gage was the new Royal Governor of Massachusetts appointed to enforce the Coercive Acts, and he was also the commander of British Military forces in North America.
Samuel Adams worked to coordinate resistance to the Coercive Acts.
In May of 1774, with Adams moderating, the Boston Town Meeting organized a boycott of British goods.
In June of 1774, he chaired a committee in the Massachusetts House behind locked doors which proposed what became the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia, and to which Samuel Adams became one of five delegates from Massachusetts.
The First Continental Congress took place at Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia between September 5th and October 26th of 1774.
Delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies discussed how the colonies could work together in response to the British government’s coercive reactions in Massachusetts.
They agreed on a “Declaration and Resolves,” a statement that outlined colonial objections to the Coercive Acts, and concluded with the plan of the First Continental Congress to enter a boycott of British trade until the grievances were resolved.
They sent a petition to King George III pleading for resolution of their grievances and repeal of the Coercive Acts, which had no effect.
In November of 1774, Adams returned to Massachusetts and served in the Massachusetts Provincial Congress, which created the first Minutemen companies – militia ready to act on a moment’s notice.
Both selected as delegates to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia, which was scheduled to start meeting in May of 1775, Samuel Adams and John Hancock attended the Massachusetts Provincial Congress in Concord, Massachusetts, in April of 1775, and then decided to stay in Hancock’s childhood home in Lexington before heading to Philadelphia after deciding it wasn’t safe to return to Boston.
After having received a letter from Lord Dartmouth, British Secretary of State for the Colonies, on April 14th of 1775 advising arrest of the principal people of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress, General Gage, the Massachusetts Governor and commander of British Military forces in North America sent out a detachment of soldiers a few days later, on April 18th, to seize and destroy military supplies that the colonists had stored in Concord, and possibly to arrest Adams and Hancock, though this order is in dispute historically because it wasn’t in his written orders.
Regardless, the Patriots believed otherwise, and Paul Revere was dispatched on horseback from Boston on his famous midnight ride, to both alert the colonial militia that the “British are coming,” and warn Hancock and Adams about their potential arrest.
As Hancock and Adams made their escape, the American Revolutionary War began in Lexington and Concord on April 19th of 1775.
The exact role of Samuel Adams in the proceedings of the Second Continental Congress was not known because of its secrecy rule, but he was believed to have been a major influence in steering the Congress toward independence.
He served on numerous committees, including ones dealing with military matters, and it was he who nominated George Washington to be Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army.
On June 7th of 1776, Samuel Adams’ ally, Richard Henry Lee from Virginia, introduced a three-part resolution calling for the Second Continental Congress to declare independence, create a colonial confederation, and seek foreign aid.
This resulted in the Continental Congress approving the language of the Declaration of Independence and its signing on July 4th of 1776.
Adams remained active in the Second Continental Congress, also having a hand in drafting the Articles of Confederation in 1777, the plan for colonial confederation, and he continued to serve on various military committees.
He retired completely from the Continental Congress in 1781.
Not bad for a guy who started out his career in the beer-making business!
Adams had returned to Boston in 1779 to attend a state constitutional convention, at which time he was appointed to a three-man committee to draft a new state constitution.
The new Massachusetts Constitution was amended by the convention approved by voters in 1780, and is among the oldest functioning constitutions in continuous effect in the world.
Adams continued to remain active in politics after his return to Massachusetts, putting his focus on the promotion of virtue.
He occasionally serving as moderator of the Boston Town Meeting, and he was elected to the State Senate.
Shays’ Rebellion took place in rural western Massachusetts from August of 1786 to February of 1787, in response to a debt crisis among the people and in opposition to the state government’s increased efforts to collect taxes on individuals and their trades.
Residents in these areas had few assets beyond their land, and bartered with each other for goods and services, as opposed to the market economy of the developed areas of Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut River Valley.
It was led by Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays who led 4,000 rebels in protest against economic and civil rights’ injustices.
Interestingly, where Samuel Adams approved of rebellion against an unrepresentative government, he opposed the taking up of arms against a Republican form of government, where problems should be remedied through elections.
He urged the Governor, James Bowdoin, to put down the uprising using military force, so he sent 4,000 militiamen to quell the uprising.
Shay’s Rebellion led to the creation of the United State Constitution, which started at the 1787 Philadelphia Convention, because it contributed to the belief that the 1777 Articles of Confederation needed to be revised.
The United States Constitution came into force in 1789 as the supreme law of the United States.
The original Constitution is comprised of seven articles.
Its first three articles embody the doctrine of “Separation of Powers;” its next three articles embody the concepts of “Federalism,” and the rights and responsibilities of state governments; and its last article established the procedure used to by the thirteen original states to ratify it.
The first ten amendments to the Constitution are known as the “Bill of Rights,” which were ratified by the first U. S. Congress, on December 15th of 1791, offer specific protection for individual liberty and justice, and place restrictions on the power of government.
Samuel Adams was elected Lt. Governor of Massachusetts in 1789, a position in which he served until Governor John Hancock’s death in 1793, at which time he became acting governor.
The following year, Adams was elected as the Massachusetts Governor, a position in which he served between October of 1794 and June of 1797.
In Massachusetts, Samuel Adams was considered a leader of the Jeffersonian Republicans, also known as the Democratic-Republican Party, a political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the early 1790s that championed things like Republicanism, agrarianism, political equality and expansionism.
This was in opposition to the Federalist Party, a conservative party that was founded in 1789, and the first political party in the United States.
It was led by people like Alexander Hamilton and Samuel’s cousin John Adams, and favored centralization, federalism, modernization, industrialization, and protectionism.
Samuel Adams supported the suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion for the the same reasons he supported the suppression of Shay’s Rebellion.
The Whiskey Tax was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government, and was intended to generate revenue for the war debt brought about by the Revolutionary War, and primarily affected people living in rural areas, like farmers in the new country’s western frontier who turned surplus grains into alcohol and where whiskey was used for bartering.
The Whiskey Rebellion was a violent tax protest in the United States that started in 1791 and ended in 1794 during George Washington’s Presidency, and when George Washington himself led 13,000 militiamen provided by Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, to put down the insurgency, however, all the insurgents left before the army arrived, effectively ending the rebellion, and resulting in a handful of arrests of individuals that were later acquitted or pardoned.
The Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated that the new national government had the will and ability to suppress violent resistance to its laws.
The Whiskey Tax was very difficult to collect, and was finally repealed in the early 1800s under President Thomas Jefferson.
Adams retired from politics after his term as Governor ended in 1797, and he died on October 2nd of 1803, at the age of 81, and was buried in Boston’s Granary Burying Ground…
…and also where Paul Revere was laid to rest.
No mention of his famous midnight ride, or much of anything on his grave-marker.
Paul Revere’s grave-marker reminded me of the simple grave-markers at Boot Hill in Tombstone, Arizona, famous for the “Gunfight at O. K. Corral” between the Earps and the cowboy outlaws.
The Granary Burying Ground’s Gate and fence was said to have been designed in Egyptian-Revival-style by Isaiah Rogers in 1840…
…and Isaiah Rogers was said to have designed an identical gateway for Newport, Rhode Island’s Touro Synogogue Cemetery in 1842.
Speaking of Egyptian Revival Style architecture, there’s a stunning example of it at the Downtown Presbyterian Church in Nashville, Tennessee, said to have been designed by architect William Strickland, and completed in 1846.
One more thing before I move on.
This is what came up when I searched for “Was Samuel Adams a Freemason?”
I found Samuel Adams mentioned as a Freemason in an article from June of 2009 on the antiquesandthearts.com website about the Grand Lodge of Masons in Massachusetts celebrating 275 years of brotherhood.
The article mentioned things like the Green Dragon Tavern in Boston being the unofficial Headquarters of the American Revolution…
…as well as the meeting place for the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, which had purchased the Green Dragon Tavern in 1764, and used it as a meeting place until 1818.
Also mentioned in this article is that it was the origin point for the Boston Tea Party participants and Paul Revere’s midnight Ride, as well as mentioning that there were Freemasons among the British soldiers occupying Boston, which are called “Brethren.”
So, who’s their loyalty to? Their countries or each other?
Samuel Adams was mentioned as a Freemason in this article…
…and I wonder if he belonged to the York Rite of Freemasonry, since there is what appears to be a Templar cross next to his gravestone, and “Knights Templar,” the final order joined in the York Rite…
…because Samuel Adams was not mentioned on the “Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the Scottish Rite” website, but the following men were listed as Freemasons of the Independence.
George Washington.
Well, no surprise there. I knew that about him a long time ago, and it even says in the description that he was one of the most famous Founding Fathers and Freemasons in American History.
Benjamin Franklin.
No surprise there either, though I don’t think he was as well known to the general public as a Freemason as George Washington was.
The last two mentioned as Freemason on this website page were John Hancock…
…and Paul Revere.
Again, not surprising to find out these men were Freemasons, but it is very interesting to me in terms of what this might represent in the bigger picture of what has been actually been taking place on Earth, especially in light of the role played by other Freemasons in our historical narrative.
Next, Charles Carroll of Carrollton.
Charles Carroll of Carrollton represents the State of Maryland in the National Statuary Hall.
He was an Irish-American politician, planter, and the only Catholic signer of the Declaration of Independence.
He was considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, and was known as the “First Citizen” of the American Colonies.
He received the “First Citizen” designation for the given reason this was his pen name for his articles in the “Maryland Gazette.”
Charles Carroll of Carrollton was born in September of 1737 in Annapolis, Maryland, the son of Charles Carroll of Annapolis, a wealthy Maryland planter and lawyer, and the grandson of Charles Carroll the Settler, an Irishman who secured the position of Attorney General of the young colony of Maryland from George Calvert, First Baron Baltimore and immigrated there in October of 1688.
The Colony of Maryland was established in the 1630s on land granted by a hereditary charter to the Calvert family, and intended as a haven for English Catholics and other religious minorities.
The young Charles Carroll received a Jesuit education, starting at the Jesuit preparatory school at Bohemia Manor in Cecil County on Maryland’s Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay…
…and then starting at the age of 11 was sent to Jesuit schools in France, including the College of St. Omer in northern France…
…and later the Lycee Louis-le-Grand in Paris, from which he graduated in 1755.
For the next 10 years, Carroll studied in Europe, and read law in London before returning to Annapolis in 1765.
He was granted Carrollton Manor, known as D0ughoregan Manor, by his father, which was why he received the name “Charles Carroll of Carrollton.”
Doughoregan Manor is located west of Ellicott City, Maryland, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971.
As a Catholic, Charles Carroll of Carrollton was barred by Maryland Statute from entering politics, practicing law and voting.
This did not stop him from becoming not only one of the wealthiest men in Maryland, but of anywhere in the British Colonies, with his extensive agricultural estates, which besides Doughoregan, included Hockley Forge and Mill, called a collection of colonial-era industrial buildings along the Patapsco River near what is now Elkridge, Maryland, and Carroll provided the capital to finance new enterprises on the Western Shore of the Chesapeake Bay.
In the early 1770s, when the dispute between Great Britain and her colonies in America became more intense, Carroll engaged in a debate via letters that were written anonymously and published in the Maryland Gazette.
Carroll under the pen name of “First Citizen” argued for maintaining the right of the colonies to control their own taxation, becoming a prominent spokesman against the Governor’s proclamation increasing legal fees to state officers and Protestant clergy.
Daniel Dulany the Younger, a noted lawyer and British loyalist politician in Maryland, opposed Carroll in these written debates, writing as “Antillon.”
Carroll’s fame and notoriety began to grow as the identity of the two anonymous debaters became known, and following these written debates, Carroll became a leading opponent of British rule and served on various committees of correspondence, and believed that only the violence of war could break the impasse with Great Britain.
He was a delegate to the Annapolis Convention, the revolutionary government of Maryland before the Declaration of Independence was signed.
Charles Carroll was elected to the Second Continental Congress on July 4th of 1776, arriving too late to vote on it, but he was there to sign it.
At the time, he was the richest man in America.
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He remained a delegate of the Second Continental Congress until 1778, and during his term, he served on the War Board and gave considerable financial support to the Revolutionary War.
Carroll returned to Maryland in 1778 to help form the state government there.
He declined re-election to the Continental Congress in 1780, but was elected to the Maryland Senate in 1781, and served there until 1800.
I guess by that time, Catholics were no longer barred y statute from hold political office.
He was also elected to the U. S. Senate during this time by the State Legislature, in which he served from March of 1789 to November of 1792.
He had to resign his U. S. Senate seat, however, because Maryland passed a law barring anyone from serving in state and federal office simultaneously, and he preferred his State Senate job.
After retiring from public life in 1801, Carroll helped established the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, which was founded in 1827 and broke ground for the construction of its headquarters and America’s first commercial railroad tracks on July 4th of 1828.
This is where aspects of the influential Carroll family of Maryland and Charles Carroll’s life and the history of the B & O Railroad intersect.
Mount Clare is called the oldest Colonial-era structure in Baltimore, Maryland, and was built on a Carroll-family plantation starting in 1763 by Charles Carroll the Barrister, a distant cousin of Charles Carroll of Carrollton.
This is what we are told.
The street grid of the city of Baltimore near Mount Clare began to grow and inch towards the southwest, with the dense development of streets and alleys of different styles of brick row-houses by the 1820s, and there was competitive economic pressure with the opening of the Erie Canal to develop the Port of Baltimore and the accompanying transportation systems like the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad with this new transportation technology from Great Britain and the proposed Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, of which both projects broke ground on the same day – July 4th of 1828 – and that there was an intense rivalry between the two.
The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company was formed in 1827, of which Charles Carroll of Carrollton was one of its Directors, and he was the one that had the honor of laying the first stone for the railroad at the ceremony after the celebratory festivities at the July 4th ground-breaking in 1828, near the Mount Clare Mansion.
The Mount Clare Shops, of which this aerial photo is circa 1971, is the oldest railroad manufacturing complex in the United States, located on a portion of the Carroll family’s Mount Clare Estate, and the mansion left the family’s ownership in 1840.
Mount Clare Station was first said to have been erected in the 1830s and the Roundhouse in 1884, with the current Mount Clare Station building having been constructed in 1851.
Today the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Museum, we are told the original Mount Clare passenger station, the first in the nation, was abandoned, and was located where the parking lot is for the museum is today.
Carroll was elected into the American Antiquarian Society in 1815, a national research library of pre-20th-century American history and culture, and the oldest historical society with a national focus, having been founded in 1812.
Its mission is to collect, preserve, and make available for study all printed records of what is known as the United States of America.
The seal of the American Antiquarian Society translates from the Latin of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Book 15, Line 872: “Now I have completed my work, which neither sword nor devouring Time will be able to destroy.”
The written word can be manipulated to put out the narrative you want for posterity.
Architecture not so much.
This is the American Antiquarian Society building in Worcester, Massachusetts, said to have been designed by the arciectural firm of Winslow, Bigelow & Wadsworth in Georgian or Colonial-Revival style and completed in 1910.
Carroll died at the age of 95 in November of 1832, the oldest-lived Founding Father.
His funeral took place at the cathedral in Baltimore…
…and he was buried in the Manor Chapel on his estate at Doughoregan.
I am bringing forward unlikely pairs of historical figures who are represented in the National Statuary Hall who have things in common with each other, as mentioned at the beginning of this post.
The main thing that jumps out in this pairing is that both Samuel Adams and Charles Carroll of Carrollton are considered Founding Fathers of the United States.
Both men were well-educated for their day, with Samuel Adams earning a Master’s Degree at Harvard University in 1743, and Charles Carroll attending several prestigious Jesuit schools in France, graduating from the Lycee Louis-le-Grand in Paris, in 1755.
Both men were highly involved in using the written word in their political activism against the British, with the examples of Samuel Adams starting in 1748 in writing articles against British colonial policies for the Independent Advertiser and Charles Carroll’s role as the “First Citizen” in the written debate in the Maryland Gazette with Daniel Dulany the Younger as “Antillon.”
And both men were highly involved on both the local and Continental Congress-levels with events leading up to and during the American Revolutionary War.
These two men in particular fall into the category of key players in the historical narrative in shaping and forming what became the United States moreso than some of the rather obscure historical figures that are also honored there,
But regardless of fame or obscurity, I finding that the National Statuary Hall functions more-or-less as a “Who’s Who” for the New World Order and its Agenda, with the details of their lives and times taht are findable in a search telling a completely different kind of story than what we normally hear about our history.
This particular subject recently took front-and-center stage in my mind after doing research on the earliest Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in our historical narrative, an organization that eventually became known as “Anti-Slavery International.”
In an effort to at the very least question the narrative about what we are told is the answer to this question, that the Aborigines were hunter-gatherers, I decided to bring together past and present information I have accumulated around the subject to demonstrate that a good case can be made that they were in fact actually the builders of its Civilization, and that they were part of a worldwide civilization that was identical in design from ancient times to relatively modern times.
First, I will start with the origins of “Anti-Slavery International.”
The origins of today’s “Anti-Slavery International” included the “Aborigines Protection Society,” which was formed in 1837, and we are told it was to ensure the “health and well-being, as well as the sovereign, legal, and religious rights of the indigenous peoples while promoting the civilization of the indigenous people who were subjected under colonial powers.”
This book by David Heartsfield looks at the “Aborigines Protection Society” from the perspective of “Humanitarian Imperialism in Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Canada, South Africa, and the Congo between 1836 and 1909,” and mentioned things like how the policy of native protection turned out to be a reason for the growth of imperial rule, particularly that of the British Empire.
The Aborigines Protection Society published a journal called the “Colonial Intelligencer and Aborigines Friend,” which was comprised of “…interesting intelligence concerning the Aborigines of Various Climes and Articles Upon Colonial Affairs, with Comments Upon the Proceedings of Government and of Colonists toward Native Tribes.”
“Aborigines Friend”….or foe.
The “Aborigines Protection Society” and the “British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society” merged in 1909, and together they became known as the “Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society.”
What had become the “British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society” in 1909 went through several other name-changes over the years, and with the last name-change became “Anti-Slavery International” in 1995.
Here are this organization’s slavery statistics worldwide from 2020.
According to their own statistics, an organization that supposedly exists to working against slavery and other abuses, as recently as 2020, only three-years ago, there were 40.3 million people in slavery total, with at least 10-million of those people being identified directly as children.
Those numbers seem incredibly high for something that isn’t talked about openly in our day and age, and raises the question of what is really going on here.
It also brings up the question of how many different forms of human slavery have existed in the past and present-day, including Australia’s history as a penal colony.
Not only this, but also what could have possibly happened to its original people to kick them back into the Stone Age from a high-state of civilization, and this didn’t just happen in Australia, it happened all over the world when the European colonizers moved in and took everything over.
How could this even have happened to begin with?
No doubt brutal subjugation of the original people is part of the explanation, but there would have been many factors contributing what has taken place here.
By the end of this video, I will have provided a substantial amount of information and examples to demonstrate that there is something seriously amiss with the narrative, which has gaping holes in it from the information missing from it, that has been inadequately explained by those who don’t want us to know our True History and what has taken place here
These are typical of the kinds of paintings of the Australian Aborigines that have come down to us in our historical narrative.
But every once in awhile you can find an aboriginal face in an unexpected place, like this historical photo at the entrance of Luna Park in Sydney, with the huge face and Moorish-looking buildings.
Though still in operation today, Sydney’s Luna Park entrance had a face-lift for some reason.
So let’s take a walkabout Australia and Tasmania and see what we can find out.
The starting point for our walkabout is Darwin.
Darwin is the capital and largest city of the Northern Territory of Australia, which is sparsely populated.
It is also called the Outback Capital of the Northern Territory.
Notably, Darwin was the location of the first bombing in Australia, which occurred in February of 1942, after Australia had officially declared war on Japan on December 9, 1942.
Japanese forces bombed military bases in Darwin in one day.
One of the first hits, and explosions, was a ship loaded with TNT and ammunition.
There were a number of civilian casualties as a result of the bombings, and as a result of the attacks, more than half of the civilian population left permanently.
Interestingly, something very similar happened during World War I in December of 1917 in Halifax Harbor in Nova Scotia, when the high-explosive TNT-laden French cargo ship, the SS Mont-Blanc, collided with the Norwegian ship, the SS Imo, causing the largest, human-made explosion at the time.
Nearly all structures within an 800-meter, or half-mile radius, were obliterated, and the tsunami it caused wiped out the Mi’kmaq First Nation that had lived in the Tufts Cove area for generations.
Here is a picture of Darwin today, on the top left.
Of particular note is the shaped harbor in the foreground, which is a signature of places I have found tracking long-distance alignments of cities and places all over the Earth, like that of Sousse, Tunisia on the bottom left, and Olafsvik, Iceland, on the right.
This is described as a World War II gun emplacement in the Dripstone Cliffs of Darwin Harbor.
And this is a photograph circa 1890 in Darwin of Knight’s Folly in the middle; Fort Hill to the left and Government House to the right.
Fort Hill was said to have been the location of a George Goyder’s surveying camp in 1869; used for storing oil during World War II; and removed in 1945 to make room for an iron-ore loading wharf.
“Knight’s Folly” was another name given to an historic building called “Mud Hut, said to have been constructed in 1883 by John George Knight and built from “Egyptian Bricks.”
It burned down on December 31st of 1933.
And the Government House was said to have been built between 1870 and 1871…
…and to be the oldest European building in the Northern Territory, still in use today as the office and official residence of the Administrator of the Northern Territory.
I don’t know. Maybe it’s just me, but that building looks lop-sided to me!
Howard Springs Nature Park is on the outskirts of Darwin.
We are taught that there was nothing special going on in these places, nothing to see, so we fail to recognize the ancient megalithic masonry laying all around us.
These are cut-and shaped-stones. These are not natural occurrences, contrary to what we have taught to believe by historical omission. These in Australia…
…are like these two photos at Martin Nature Park in North Oklahoma City.
Lying around everywhere with no special attention drawn to them – just there. Taunting us but not telling us.
And only when you start realizing they are there. Because until you notice them, they just blend in to the landscape.
Next from Darwin going clock-wise around the coast, we come to Kakadu National Park, and Arnhem Land.
First Kakadu National Park, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Kakadu covers an area that is 7,646 square miles (or 19,804 kilometers). Besides its incredible biodiversity, land-forms, and river systems, one of the most productive uranium mines in the world is surrounded by the park, shown in the map as the Ranger Mineral Lease.
According to the narrative, Aboriginal people have occupied this land continuously for 40,000 years, and approximately half of the land of Kakadu is aboriginal.
And this is as good as any place to leave this photo here for your consideration. I personally think there is something to it, that the Australian Aborigines are of the Tribe of Reuben.
This kind of information is well-hidden, so some digging is required to find it. But it is out there on the internet if you start looking for it.
Back to Kakadu National Park.
Here are some pictures of the landscape there.
Kakadu National Park is part of Arnhem Land, one of the five regions of the Northern Territory, and which the alignment crosses over.
While the land is named for the ship of the Dutch East India Company Captain who sailed it into the Gulf of Carpenteria, the population of this region is actually mostly aboriginal, estimated to be around 16,000.
The following photos are of Arnhem Land on the top, and Minab in southern Iran near Old Hormuz on the Strait of Hormuz.
I have no difficulty seeing all of this as ancient infrastructure, as I had a perceptual shift when I realized there is a code of key words that covers up the ancient civilization.
But for most, since we haven’t been taught about this ancient civilization, and have only been taught to believe that it is the result of natural processes, that is how it is perceived.
Continuing around the coast, the Gulf of Carpenteria is in Queensland, Australia.
The Gulf of Carpenteria is described as a shallow sea enclosed on three sides, and bounded on the north by the Arafura Sea (which lies between Australia and New Guinea) .
Here is an aerial view of the Gulf of Carpenteria.
The Pellew Islands are in the southwest corner of the Gulf of Carpentaria.
They are a group of five islands with a total area of 2,100 square kilometers, named in 1802 by Matthew Flinders in honor of a fellow naval officer.
The Wellesley Islands are here, also named by Matthew Flinders, this time for the 1st Marquess of Wellesley, Richard Wellesley, the older brother of Arthur Wellesley, the 1st Duke of Wellington.
The largest island in the group is the interesting-looking Mornington Island, which was also named after Richard Wellesley, who was also the Earl of Mornington.
All traditional aboriginal lands.
On our way to Cairns, from Karumba to Normanton, there are the same world-wide S-Shaped riverbends, seen on the top left, compared with a photo of the river in Inner Mongolia, near Shangdu,the historical location of Xanadu, on the bottom left, and the River Thames in London, England, on the right.
Next we come to the city of Cairns.
Cairns is the 5th largest city in Queensland, and the 14th largest city in Australia.
It was said to have formed in order to serve miners going to the Hodgkinson River goldfield.
Cairns is also considered the gateway to the Great Barrier Reef.
It spans 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) off the Queensland coast.
It is the world’s largest coral reef system, with 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands.
It is visible from space, and has been named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
It has long been known and used by Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islanders, and is part of their culture and spirituality.
The Torres Strait Islands are a group of at least 274 small islands between Australia’s Cape York and New Guinea.
Green Hill Fort was located on Thursday Island in the Torres Strait near Cairns.
Its complex was said to have been constructed between 1891 and 1893 as part of the Imperial and Colonial whole-of defense of Australia in response to the Russian Scare of 1885 that grew out of Anglo-Russian Rivalry in Afghanistan, also known to history as the “Great Game”and the European colonial expansion into New Guinea and the South Pacific.
Compare the Green Hill Fort for similarity of appearance with the Battery Boutelle on the left, on the north end of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, said to have been built in 1900 to defend the off-shore minefields against mine sweepers and fast torpedo boats; and the Alexandra Battery, said to have been built in St. George’s Bermuda to protect the north shore and ship’s channel.
I have long-believed that they are telling us the actually function of this infrastructure in the name battery, and that was the energy-related original function these “batteries” and “fortifications” played on the Earth’s grid system and that they were repurposed into having a military function and attribution.
Back to the Torres Strait and Great Barrier Reef.
The Torres Strait Islanders are considered distinct from Australian Aboriginal peoples.
The Great Barrier Reef stretches from the Torres Strait to the North…
…to an unnamed passage between Lady Elliott Island and Fraser Island in the South.
Lady Elliott Island is called a coral cay, has an eco-resort on it, and is a sanctuary for 1,200 species of marine life in the waters surrounding it, including manta rays and turtles and an old lighthouse is there as well.
And this is Fraser Island with its nicely-shaped shoreline, and rocky coast and a place called the Champagne Pools.
So for an example from the Champagne Pools, this highlights the presence of straight lines and edges in the stone at this location.
Why is it said that straight lines don’t occur in nature when there are clearly straight lines in places like this that we are taught are natural?
Food for thought.
Here are two photos of the Great Barrier Reef.
The first looks very much like a river in the water.
The second is an example of a point that I would like to make with the stone in the foreground.
What if the coral and marine life formed on top of sunken ancient infrastructure?
I mean like, coral reefs form on sunken ships, like this one. That’s no secret!
The next place we come to along the coast is Brisbane.
Brisbane is the capital of Queensland in Australia, and its largest city.
The metropolitan area of Brisbane is in the Brisbane River Valley, and goes from Moreton Bay on the coast…
…to the Great Dividing Range, called the third largest mountain range in the world.
Brisbane is situated on the Brisbane River, which has the same S-shaped river-bends seen all over the world as mentioned previously.
The Brisbane Central Business District was said to have been built on the location of a historic European settlement, located inside a peninsula of the Brisbane River, nine miles, or 14-kilometers, from the mouth of Moreton Bay.
Brisbane was said to be one of the oldest cities in Australia, and founded on ancient indigenous lands in 1825.
Here are some historic photos of Brisbane, 100 years later circa 1925 and 1926.
The Great Fire of Brisbane took place in 1864, thirty-nine years after what we are told was the year of the founding of the city. It burned out of control in the city’s Central Business District for several hours, destroying several blocks of businesses and homes.
The Great Flood of Brisbane took place in 1893, sixty-eight years after the city was established.
As a result of eight days and twenty inches, or 508-millimeters of rain, the Brisbane River rose almost 24 feet, or 7-meters.
In addition to the floodwaters sweeping away two bridges, the city itself was severely flooded.
Most importantly to note, the grand architecture with heavy masonry, cupolas, huge arches and huge columns in these historic flood photos was all said to have been built in less than 70 years, according to the historical narrative we have been given.
Fort Bribie on Bribie Island in Moreton Bay was said to have been built from 1939 to 1943 during the World War II time-period, for the defense of southeast Queensland, and to provide artillery training for Australian soldiers heading overseas.
There is an underground complex at the site that was purported to have been a hospital, but then nobody really knows much about it except that a large complex has been determined to lie beneath the sand here.
There’s also Fort Cowan Cowan on Moreton Island, also listed as a World War II fortification, said to have been constructed as a defensive installation in 1937 and operational until 1945, and closed down completely in 1960.
Fort Lytton at the mouth of the Brisbane River was said to have been built between 1880 and 1882 in response to fear that a foreign colonial power such as Russia or France might launch an attack on Brisbane or its port.
It is interesting to note that these three fort locations around Brisbane are in a triangle configuration, something which I have consistently found in different places around the world.
I found this configuration at the entrance to Puget Sound in Washington State, where Fort Worden, Fort Casey and Fort Flagler were said to have been constructed starting in the 1890s to be a “Triangle of Fire” against invasion from the sea…
…on Alderney, one of the Channel Islands, with a view of Fort Houmet Herbe in the foreground in a triangular relationship with Fort Quesnard on the top left, and the ruins of Fort Les Hommeaux Florains on the top right…
… and in the Milford Haven Waterway in Wales, between Stack Rock Fort, the fort on Thorne Island, and the Chapel Bay Fort.
In the Bowen Hills suburb of Brisbane, the Cloudland Funicular ran from the Main Road straight up to the Cloudland Dance Hall.
Funiculars, also known as incline-railways, were two cars are paired at opposite-ends and act as each other’s counterweight.
As such, there is not a need for traction between the wheels and rails, and thereby allowing them to scale steep slopes, unlike traditional rail-cars.
Thing is, there used to be a lot more of them than there are now, and funiculars were once a worldwide thing.
The Cloudland Dance Hall, also known as Luna Park, was a huge thing during the 40’s when the US troops were stationed there.
Cloudland had a great dance floor, where the wood even had a spring to it!
The funicular was demolished in 1967, and the Cloudhall Dance Hall was demolished in the 1980s, and the Cloudland Apartments occupy the former location of this iconic landmark.
Why were these funiculars and spectacular Dance Halls, demolished in the first place?
The same story is found all over the world!
At least Aberwystyth in Wales still has its funicular, the longest electric funicular in the British Isles…
…but the King’s Hall Dance Hall there is long gone, demolished for the given reasons of structural weakness and disrepair, and also replaced by apartment residences like in Brisbane.
They are constantly replacing buildings everywhere that were meant to last forever with buildings of vastly inferior quality!
Australia’s Gold Coast is just south of Brisbane.
The urban area of the Gold Coast sprawls almost 37-miles, or 60-kilometers, joining Brisbane to the north, and the Queensland state border with New South Wales to the South.
This area is the traditional home of the Yugambeh people of what is today southwest Queensland and northern New South Wales, with aboriginal people occupying the area for tens of thousands of years.
The Gold Coast on the left is a popular vacation resort on the south Pacific Ocean, and has approximately 400 km, or 249 miles, of canals. On the right is a south Florida canal system, Las Olas Isles in Fort Lauderdale on the Atlantic Ocean, for comparison of appearance to the Gold Coast canal system.
And Fort Lauderdale is located in what was the traditional lands of the Seminole.
So, where are the chances that both the Australian Aborgines and the Seminoles of Florida – one of what was called the Five Civilized Tribes of what became the United States – identify as the Tribe of Reuben; share the same colors of red, black and yellow for their emblem; and both historically inhabited a part of the world known for its canals; happened randomly?
Or is there a connection between these peoples that has been lost in the re-writing of history, including who they really were?
Oh yeah, and there were historic forts all around the Florida coast, many more than are shown here, just like what we are seeing around the coast of Australia so far.
One more thing.
These are historic photos of Seminole people you can find on an internet search.
Sydney comes next moving down along the east coast of Australia from Brisbane and the Gold Coast.
Sydney is the capital of the New South Wales State and the largest city in Australia.
The Eora, Dharawal, and Darug Aboriginal peoples are the traditional custodians of the land of Sydney.
In 1770, Captain James Cook first charted the eastern coast of Australia, and made landfall at Sydney’s Botany Bay, which interestingly has a shaped shoreline and the location of the Sydney International Airport is there.
Jamaica Bay in New York City has a similar appearance on the right, and JFK International Airport right next to it too.
Jamaica Bay is called a partially man-made and partially natural estuary on the western tip of Long Island, and containing numerous marshy islands.
Interestingly, there is a rapid transit line of the New York subway system that operates through the middle of Jamaica Bay, the IND Rockaway Line that runs between the Aqueduct Racetrack Station terminal, just 3.6-miles, or 5.78-kilometers, to the northwest of the JFK International Airport, to the Rockaway Park-Beach 116th Street Station terminal.
The Aqueduct Racetrack is a Thorough-bred horse-racing track in the Ozone Park and Jamaica neighborhood of Queens, and the only racetrack located within the city-limits of New York City.
The “Resorts World New York City” is co-located with the Aqueduct Racetrack.
In one of the series that I did on researching places viewers made in comments, I discovered airports all over the world having racing tracks in angular relationships short distances away.
One of the places a commenter suggested was the Sydney International Airport and the Royal Randwick Racecourse, which is the short-distance for 4-miles, 6.6-kilometers, northeast of the airport, roughly the same distance that is between the Aqueduct Racetrack and the JFK Airport in New York City.
The Royal Randwick Racecourse is a horse-racing track on Crown Land, a territorial area belonging to the British monarch, that is leased to the Australian Turf Club.
The first race at Randwick was held in 1833, and in the present-day is the host of racing championships with millions of dollars in prize-money.
There are approximately 30 casinos close to the Royal Randwick Racecourse.
I first noticed this relationship between airports and racetracks when I was doing research on the Shepherd’s Bush District of West London based on a commenter’s suggestion.
In the process of doing that, I realized I had seen the same angular relationship between London’s Heathrow Airport, and Shepherd’s Bush on the top left, where there had been a huge track at one time in White City, that had been used for Greyhound racing; and in my own research of the Tampa, Florida, neighborhood of Sulphur Springs a few years ago, when I had noticed that the Tampa International Airport, and the Sulphur Springs neighborhood in Tampa, Florida, where there was a greyhound racing track, had the same angular relationship.
After I made that initial connection, commenters left other examples of the same kind of relationship between airports and racing tracks, past and present, including, but not limited to, places like Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on the top right; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on the middle left; Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in the middle ; Los Angeles, California on the middle right; and as I mentioned Sydney, Australia, on the bottom.
What are the odds of these similar relationship happening randomly is in diverse places across the world over long periods of time, as we are led to believe?
I have provided the evidence I have found that all the Earth’s infrastructure was precisely placed for a specific purpose and function as circuitry on the Earth’s Energy grid in my “Circuit Board Earth” blog post in June of 2021.
And wouldn’t it stand to reason that those behind the reset when setting up the New World would take advantage of the super science of the different types of circuits in the Earth’s grid system in order to harness their inherent power to enhance performance at sporting events, to make lots of money at highly-charged, prestigious gaming and betting venues?
We are told that in 1788, Arthur Phillip founded Sydney as a Penal Colony and the first European settlement in Australia.
So, what were they going to do with all these convicts?
Did they just ship them out to get them out of British society, or did they have some specific purposes in mind when they brought them here?
Phillip was the leader of the “First Fleet of Convicts,” a fleet of eleven ships consisting of two Royal Navy vessels, three store ships, and six convict transports, that brought the first colonists and convicts to Australia to Botany Bay in January of 1788.
Australia was formally proclaimed a British Colony by now-Governor Arthur Phillip on February 7th of 1788.
Governor Phillip was formally vested with complete control over the inhabitants of the Colony, and the British basically moved in and started the process of taking over absolutely everything, from land to credit for the infrastructure they found there.
The Queen Victoria building is described as a 5-story, late 19th-century building in Sydney’s Central Business District, said to have been designed on the “Scale of a Cathedral” by the architect George McRae, and constructed between 1893 and 1898.
…with its over 20 domes…
…and cathedral-style windows.
During its history, it has had some different uses, but primarily as retail space, which it is today…
…though the Queen Victoria building has been threatened with demolition at various time over the years, starting as early as 1959.
Makes sense, right?
More like make it make sense!
The Sydney Central Railway Station pictured on the left was said to have opened in 1906, and the third terminal railway station in Sydney, with the original station in Sydney having opened in September of 1855, with the railway having initially arrived in New South Wales starting in 1831, and making its way to Sydney in the late 1840s.
The similar-looking North Toronto Canadian Pacific Railroad Station on the right was said to have first opened as the main passenger station for Toronto in 1916.
Historical Forts around Sydney included: The Middle Head Batteries; the Georges Head Battery; and the Bradleys Head Battery.
The Middle Head Military Fortifications, also known as “the Old Fort” are located in the Sydney suburb of Mosman on what is known as the Middle Head of the “Sydney Heads.”
They were said to have been built between 1801 and 1942, with most said to have been constructed between 1871 and 1910 as part of Sydney’s Harbor Defenses.
The “Sydney Heads” is a series of headlands that form the entrance to Sydney harbor.
So something to consider when you look at the origins of a place-name like “Head” or “headland,” is whether or not the origin of the name was an actual “head” at one time.
My friend Wendy Sky from South Australia made some interesting finds in her research on Google Earth, raising the intriguing possibility that there might indeed have not only been actual “heads, but whole colossal statues, through this area at one time.
Other known features located on the “Sydney Heads” include:
The current Macquarie Lighthouse was said to have been designed by the colonial architect for New South Wales, James Barnet, and constructed between 1881 and 1883.
The first actual lighthouse at this location was said to have been constructed in 1818.
At any rate, the Macquarie lighthouse is said to be Australia’s first and longest-serving lighthouse.
Another intriguing find of Wendy’s in the locale of the Sydney Heads below the Macquarie Lighthouse on Google Earth is what appears to a tunnel entrance in the rock, possibly to a tomb, with a pair of carved giraffes’ heads supporting the entrance, and something else carved off to the side.
Whatever Wendy’s findings represent is definitely not to be found in our historical narrative!
Wendy and I talk about these and other of her findings in the video on my channel called “Australian Anomalies with Wendy Sky.”
The Hornby Lighthouse is located on the South Head, and said to have been designed by colonial architect Mortimer Lewis in the 1840s, and construction said to have been completed in 1858.
The Georges Head Battery, like the Macquarie Lighthouse, was said to have been designed by colonial architect James Barnet, and that it was built on what is known as Obelisk Point to defend the entrance to Sydney Harbor during the Napoleonic Wars starting in 1801 by a work gang of 44 convicts hewing it by hand out of solid rock.
The Bradleys Head Fortification complex was said to have been designed by government engineers built between 1840 and 1934 as part of the Sydney Harbor Defenses.
Among other things to find here, there is an amphitheater at this location, available these days for hire for private events…
…and the Bradleys Head Light, said to have been constructed in 1905.
It sits so low on the water that it looks like there might be more of the Bradleys Head Light underneath the surface of it.
It brought to mind the Stony Point Lighthouse on the Hudson River near New York City on the right, called the oldest lighthouse on the Hudson River.
Like everywhere else in the world it seems, trams, also known as streetcars, used to be all over Australia.
Today, Sydney is one of four population centers that has an operating streetcar system -also in Adelaide, the Gold Coast, and Melbourne.
Though, for example Sydney’s once-extensive system, from 1879 to its closure in its entirely in 1961, when it had 181-miles, or 290-kilometers of street mileage in 1923 at its height, making it the second-largest in the world in the British Empire after London…
…a portion of it was revived as a light rail system serving part of Sydney starting in 1997, including Randwick where the thorough-bred horse-racing track is located.
Melbourne is the capital city of Victoria State, and arguably the second-most populous city in Australia, because its population statistics are quite close to those of Sydney.
Melbourne still has its network of 24 tram routes, covering approximately 155-miles, or 250-kilometers, which is the largest in the world, having operated continuously in Melbourne since 1885.
So not sure why Melbourne is one of the few places in the world never to completely lose its tram service, and as a matter of fact, retain much of it, but there you go.
Also, comparing for similarity of appearance, the Flinders Street Station in Melbourne on the top left, said to have been designed in French Renaissance-style architecture by architects James Fawcett and H. P. C. Ashworth, and built between 1905 and 1910; and the Maranouchi Station in Tokyo, Japan on the bottom right, and built between 1908 and 1914.
It was said to have been designed by Japanese architect Tatsuno Kingo as a restrained celebration of Japan’s victory in the 1904 -1905 Russo-Japanese War, and possibly modelled after the Amsterdam Central Station in the Netherlands according to some guidebooks, but obviously it resembles other train stations as well, as in this example.
Before I head over to Tasmania across the Bass Strait from this location, I would like to take a moment longer to show you some things I found in Geelong an Port Campbell several years ago.
First, Geelong is located 40-miles, or 65-kilometers from Melbourne, and is Victoria State’s second-largest city after Melbourne.
I found Geelong initially by tracking a long-distance alignment that started and ended on Amsterdam Island, a tiny island that is part of the “French Southern and Antarctic Lands” in the South Indian Ocean.
This historic building was called the Geelong Exhibit Building and Market Square Clock Tower. The Clock Tower was demolished in 1923, and the remaining buildings were demolished in the early 1980s to make room for a new shopping center.
The Geelong Exhibition Building was said to have been built in 1881, the same year that the the First Presbyterian Church of Santa Ana was first established.
The semi-circular and triple windows of the first church building on the right reminded me of those of the Geelong Exhibition Building.
Here is a historic photo of the Old Geelong Post Office said to have been built between 1890 and 1891, which has actually survived to the present day.
The building is intact, but I wonder what those interesting looking towers were for, in front of the older picture of the building, that are no longer there.
Secondly I want to mention Port Campbell, which is only 142-miles, or 229-kilometers from Melbourne.
It is the location of “The Twelve Apostles.”
They are described as a collection of limestone stacks referred to as “Port Campbell Limestone,” deposited there in the Miocene Age 15- to- 5-million years ago, and that the stacks were formed by erosion from waves and harsh weather conditions over time.
So clearly that is what they want to us to believe about their origins – all the result of natural geologic processes over time.
“The Twelve Apostles” are located in the traditional lands in south-western Victoria State of the Eastern Maar Peoples, a name adopted by a number of Victorian Aboriginal groups that identify as “Maar.”
A word looking and sounding very close to the word “Moor.”
The Twelve Apostles are the main attraction found on the Great Ocean Road between Torquay and Port Fairy along the southern coast of Australia in Victoria State.
There are five lighthouses found all along the Great Ocean Road through here as well.
The Split Point Lighthouse at Airey’s Inlet was said to have been constructed in 1891, and which apparently aligns with the Milky Way.
The Cape Otway Lighthouse on the Victoria coast near the Twelve Apostles, and is said to be the oldest surviving lighthouse in Australia, said to have been built in 1848 also with a nice alignment to the Milky Way.
The two lighthouses at Lady Bay come next, located in the Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum in Warrnambool, and the Lady Bay Complex was originally built between 1858 and 1859, with something of a convoluted history of being moved from original locations and so forth.
Lastly on the Great Ocean Road, the Port Fairy Lighthouse on Griffiths Island was said to have been built in 1859, shown here with the sun coming up behind it in alignment.
“The Twelve Apostles” in Victoria State came up when I was tracking an alignment that started and ended in Algiers, Algeria, that crossed over “The Apostle Islands” in Wisconsin on the shore of Lake Superior.
The Apostle Island National Lakeshore on Lake Superior is comprised of twelve-miles of mainland shore and twenty-one islands.
It is described as having spectacular nature-carved rock formations…
…and eight lighthouses.
Now, heading on over to Tasmania.
Tasmania is an island state of Australia, located 150-miles, or 240-kilometers, to the south of the Australian mainland, separated from it by the Bass Strait.
This is what we are told about Tasmania.
Tasmania got its present name from the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, who first sighted the island on November 24th of 1642, when he was exploring in the service of the Dutch East India Company.
Its European first name, however, became Van Diemen’s Land, when Tasman honored his patron Anthony van Diemen, the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies at that time.
The island was inhabited by aborigines from at least 40,000 years prior to the arrival of Europeans, when they settled the island starting in 1803 as a penal settlement of the British Empire, allegedly to prevent claims to the land by the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars.
The aboriginal population of the island was almost completely wiped out within 30-years from the time of European settlement, during a period of conflict in Tasmania between the 1820s and 1832 known as the “Black War,” as well as the spread of infectious diseases.
But what kinds of things do we find in, let’s say, the capital city of Hobart, that the Europeans happily take credit for, and leave us instead with these hunter-gatherer images of the indigenous people of Tasmania, and Australia for that matter.
First, I have known for awhile that there was an International Exhibition held in Hobart, which took place in 1894.
It was said to have been built on 11-acres starting in 1893, for a cost of not more than 10,000 pounds because that was all the money that was available, for the International Exhibition that was held there between 1894 and 1895, and that the builders of it never meant to last, having been built of hardwood…and plaster and concrete to make it look more elegant, and it is long gone!
The Hobart Cenotaph is located on the Queen’s Domain, a hilly-area northeast of the Central Business District.
The Cenotaph is on what was at one time called the Queen’s Battery.
More on Hobart’s historical Batteries in just a moment.
The Hobart Cenotaph today is the main commemorative military monument for Tasmania, and is described as an Art Deco reinterpretation of a traditional Egyptian obelisk.
It was said to have been designed by Hobart architects Hutchison and Walker after the firm won a design competition for it in 1923.
While we are told it was originally designed to memorialize Tasmanians who died during World War I, it was later modified to honor those who died in all military conflicts.
Here is a Google Earth Screenshot showing the location of the Hobart Cenotaph and Queen’s Domain, in relationship to other nearby places.
Battery Point is just across a small harbor from where the Hobart Cenotaph is located, and south of the Central Business District.
It was said to have been named after three batteries of guns established there in 1818 as part of the Hobart Coastal defenses.
These guns were subsequently decommissioned, we are told, after an 1878 review of Hobart’s defenses found its location would draw enemy fire on the surrounding residential neighborhood, so the location was turned over to the Hobart City Council for recreation and amusement.
They were located in what is called “Prince’s Park” today, where there are a few above-ground remnants…
…but mostly underground.
…and reputed to be haunted.
The Alexandra Battery, on a point of land further down from Battery Point and also said to have been built as part of the Hobart Coastal Defenses, still has much of its original structure intact, and is still accessible to visit by the public.
The Kangaroo Bluff Battery was directly across the Derwent River from Battery Point in Hobart.
The first railroad lines on the island were established starting in 1871.
Streetcars were in operation in Tasmania from 1893 to 1960.
Today, there is only freight railroad transport in Tasmania, with the main cargo being cement, and no passenger services in operation.
Again, same story all over the world.
Why would this be the case?
Today, in much of Tasmania, including Hobart, you can only experience the old rail trails by biking or hiking.
There’s a “Walls of Jerusalem National Park” in Tasmania.
“Walls of Jerusalem” In Tasmania?!
We are told the park got its name from geological features resembling the walls of Jerusalem.
Let’s take a tour, starting at Herod’s Gate.
Lake Salome is adjacent to Herod’s Gate.
The Pool of Bethesda is southeast of Lake Salome, between the lake…
…and what is called “The Temple” and “Mount Jerusalem.”
King David’s Peak…
…what is known as Solomon’s Buttress or Throne…
…are on the other side of the West Wall, across from Mount Herod and Lake Salome.
The East Wall runs between Mount Jerusalem and “The Temple,” to mention a few of the features of the Walls of Jerusalem National Park.
For comparison of similarity of appearance, there is a boulderfield on King David’s Peak in the Walls of Jerusalem National Park Tasmania on the left, and a feature actually called “The Boulderfield” in Long’s Peak in Colorado’s Rocky Mountain National Park on the right.
Was there a Jerusalem in more than one place?
It is interesting to note that the Rothschilds purchased Jerusalem, in what became Israel, in 1829, and subsequently acquired considerable land in Palestine in the 1800s and early 1900s.
Just a few things to think about what really might be going on here as opposed to what we have been told.
It is interesting that we find these physical references to Jerusalem in this part of the world, considering one of the reputed locations of the fabled Kingdom of Ophir and the Mines of Solomon is actually the Solomon Islands just up the way so to speak.
The Solomon Islands were a British-protectorate until independence in 1978, yet to this day it is a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy, with the British monarch as head-of-state.
We are told the islands were named after the wealthy King Solomon by the Spanish navigator Alvaro de Mendana, who in 1568 came to the islands of the South Pacific looking for the source of King Solomon’s wealth, and also that they were the biblically-mentioned land of Ophir, famous for its wealth and fine gold.
Wonder why he thought that?!
I am just sharing some interesting correlations between the history related in the Bible and this part of world because that’s what I have to go by since the True History has been completely removed from our awareness, and all we have been left are fragments with which to make sense of everything.
Other candidates for Ophir have included the Philippines; India; Sri Lanka; Africa; and Arabia; but to this day its actual physical whereabouts remain shrouded in mystery, with many claimants.
A mystery right up there for us with what happened to the Lost Tribes of Israel!
Deliberate historical obfuscations and smoke-and mirrors kinds of deception, perhaps?
Hard to take in but something to consider given everything else we have been lied to about.
Going back over to the southern coast of Australia, generally considered to be along the Indian Ocean, but also considered part of the Southern, or Antarctic, Ocean, we find the Great Australian Bight.
On the western end of the Great Australian Bight we find the Israelite Bay.
There used to be an “Israelite Plain” around here somewhere, but not anymore.
Might have been re-named the “Nullarbor Plain” seen here.
The Nullarbor Plain roughtly stretches between Israelite Bay on the western end of the Great Australian Bight, and Spencer Gulf on the eastern side of the Bight.
Some interesting things aout the Nullarbor Plain include:
It is the world’s largest single exposure of limestone bedrock…
…it has the longest section of both straight railroad and straight highway in Australia…
…and it was first crossed by European explorer Edward John Eyre in 1840- 1841.
Interestingly, a man named Henry Kingsley was said to have been writing about Eyre’s travels in 1865 when he wrote that the Nullarbor and Great Australian Bight”…was a hideous anomaly, a blot on the face of nature, the sort of place one gets into in bad dreams.”
What today is the Nullarbor Plain is the traditional land of the Yinyila Nation of Mirning Clans, who have strong connections to the whales.
Between 1956 and 1963, the British conducted nuclear tests at nearby Maralinga, the traditional land of the Maralinga Tjarutja People.
They, and other Aboriginal Tribes of the region, were removed from their homeland prior to testing.
The site was left contaminated with nuclear waste, with no clean-up attempted until 4-years later, in 1967.
In 2014, after two clean-up efforts costing millions of dollars, as well as compensation payments to the traditional owners, the last part of land remaining in the prohibited area was opened back up to free access.
Along with the Great Australian Bight, I have found the Southern California Bight on the Pacific Coast and the New York – New Jersey Bight on the northeast Atlantic Coast.
There are underwater canyons and shelves adjacent to the bights in all three places –and numerous canyons off the coast of the Southern California Bight.
The Hudson Canyon on the east coast off the New York – New Jersey Bight is one of the largest underwater canyons in the world, and is comparable to the Grand Canyon in Arizona in size.
Bear in mind, the Grand Canyon in Arizona has formations with Egyptian names, like the Isis Temple, the Osiris Temple, and the Temple of Set, and that these formations and others correlate with stars in the Orion Constellation.
An article appeared in the Arizona Gazette in 1909 that an explorer in the Grand Canyon had stumbled upon Egyptian artifacts, but news about the discovery disappeared from public view shortly after it was published, and it has been called a hoax ever since.
We are actually told is that the four northernmost Channel Islands in the southern California Bight are the remnants of an ancient landmass called Santarosae off the coast of present-day southern California.
We are told that at the end of the last ice age, Santarosae lost 70% of its landmass because the sea rose from melting glaciers, leaving a huge submerged landscape that is currently being explored.
Santarosae is called “California’s Atlantis” by some.
The Mirning speak of their ancestral country being submerged in the Great Australian Bight roughly along the 33rd-degree parallel South, with what they call the “last great sea-level rise.”
The burning question that I have is: Did the last great sea-level rise happen in the distant past as we have been told in our historical narrative…or did it take place relatively recently, which is what I have come to believe as a result of my research.
Let’s drill down into this latter idea!
The English word “bight” even sounds like the English world “bite,” meaning to “grip, cut-off, or tear with, or as if with, the teeth or jaws.
Gotta wonder if they are telling us something without telling us they are telling us!
There is unstable-eroded-looking landscape, as if the land just sheared-off into the ocean like what is shown here at all three bights!
I am not saying the following without having done a great deal of research on places with lighthouses and similar terrain and water features all over the Earth, based on what I am finding and seeing.
The original purpose of lighthouses is not what we are told.
I think “lighthouses” were quite literally referring to “a house for light” for the purposes of precisely distributing the energy generated by this gigantic integrated system that existed all over the Earth that was in perfect alignment with everything on Earth and in heaven.
Even the colossal “Statue of Liberty” was a lighthouse in Upper New York Bay, and utilized as such from November 1st of 1886 until March 1st of 1902 in our historical record.
They certainly ended up at the edge of cliffs and became utilized as navigational aids, but I think that was because the land sheared off and sank right beside where they were located, creating the rocky and dangerous reefs and shallow areas in the waters that the lighthouses became needed for.
We are told that in some places, lighthouses like this one on top of Mohegna Bluff’s on Rhode Island’s Block Island, had to be moved because the ground it was on originally was so eroded and unstable.
The Southeast Lighthouse pictured here, said to have been built in 1874 in the Gothic-Revival architectural-style, was considered one of the most architecturally sophisticated lighthouses built in the United States in the 19th-century, and the tallest lighthouse in New England.
Here is a comparison of lighthouse locations between New Jersey and New York on the top left; southern California on the bottom left; the Lighthouse Trail mentioned previously on the Great Ocean Road along the coastline of southern Australia, where the “12 Apostles” are located just off-shore; and the lighthouses of the similarly-named Apostle Islands on the southern shore of Lake Superior in Wisconsin.
I believe there was a worldwide sinking of land-masses, and the simultaneous creation of estuaries, swamps, deserts, and dunes happened relatively recently as the result of a deliberately-caused cataclysm in a targeting of the Earth’s grid-system by the self-styled global elite class behind the New World Order, with ambitions of world domination and control driving their agenda, and that they occulted the timeline we are currently living on.
Coincidentally (or not), the word “occulting” is used to describe a type of lighthouse light-characteristic pattern.
Let’s take a look at the “Archipelago of the Recherche.”
“The Archipelago of the Recherche” is a group of 105 islands, and over 1,200 obstacles to shipping, that stretch 140-miles, or 230-kilometers, west-to-east from Esperance to Israelite Bay in coastal waters designated as the “Recherche Archipelago Nature Reserve.”
“Recherche” translates to “Research” from the French.
Salisbury Island is one of the southernmost islands in the archipelago, and described as a massive limestone scarp that sits on top of a granite dome located near the edge of the continental shelf.
There are caves above and below water, and numerous man-made artifacts found around the island.
A “continental shelf” is defined as a portion of a continent that is submerged under an area of relatively shallow water.
We are told that in Australia, a long time ago, like in the Pleistocene Ice Age around 18,000 BC, places along the continental shelf were connected by dry land.
I think they are hiding sunken infrastructure in their use of the word “shelf” to describe these shallow underwater land features.
As of 2012, the only place allowed visitor access here is “Middle Island,” via a licensed tour operator.
Lake Hillier on Middle Island is a popular attraction, a saline lake with a distinctive pink color.
I found this reference on the Woody Island Eco Tours website about train tracks being visible next to the lake.
It is interesting to note that not along ago a pink lake in Siberia, Lake Burlinskoye, showed up on my YouTube feed that not only has railroad tracks in the lake, it still has an operating railroad that runs right through the water!
Matthew Flinders, a navigator and mapmaker who was the same explorer of the gulf of Carpenteria in Northeast Australia mentioned at the beginning of this post, was said to have explored the Recherche Archipelago in January of 1802 with botanist Robert Brown to collect flora material.
Flinders Peak on Middle Island, described as a large granite hill was named for him.
Capt. Matthew Flinders led the first in-shore complete navigations around mainland Australia all together between 1801 and 1803, for which he was identified as “Investigator.”
The time period of 1801 to 1803 in which Matthew Flinders was sailing around and exploring Australia was around the time of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and the Lewis and Clark Expedition thereof between 1804 – 1806…
…and Alexander von Humboldt, a Prussian naturalist, pioneer of the fields of biogeography and geophysical measurements, was an explorer of the Americas between and 1799 and 1804.
Berlin’s Humboldt University was so-named in his and his brother Wilhelm’s honor.
Humboldt University first opened in 1810, and was regarded as one of the world’s pre-eminent universities in the study of Natural Sciences in the 1800s and 1900s.
Famous faculty and alumni included names like: Einstein; Marx; Engels; Bismarck; Hegel; and the Brothers Grimm.
Humboldt University boasts 57 Nobel laureates, quite a bit more than any other German University.
I think these voyages of exploration, as well as ones that came before like Abel Tasman’s, and ones that came after, like the voyages of the HMS Beagle as well as those of other countries, were post-cataclysm, and among other things the explorers were coming to see and document what they would find, and at that time, or later, claim new lands for their respective European countries.
There is plenty of underground infrastructure worldwide for not only the those that desired a global takeover, but for the original people to live in as well, where places on the Earth’s surface would otherwise have been uninhabitable.
So as an example of what I am talking about, I mentioned the exploratory voyages of the HMS Beagle, of which there were three in total.
The HMS Beagle’s first voyage was between 1826 and 1830, accompanying the larger ship, HMS Adventure, on a hydrologic survey of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, under the overall command of the Australian Navy Captain, Phillip Parker King.
The second voyage of the HMS Beagle, between 1831 and 1832, was joined by naturalist Charles Darwin, on a second trip to South America, and then around the world.
Charles Darwin kept a diary of his experiences, and rewrote this as a book titled “Journal and Remarks,” becoming published in 1839 as “The Voyage of the Beagle.”
It was in “The Voyage of the Beagle” that Darwin developed his theories of evolution through common descent and natural selection.
The third voyage of the HMS Beagle took place between 1837 and 1843, and was a third surveying voyage to Australia, stopping on the way at Tenerife in the Canary Islands; Salvador on the coast of Brazil in Bahia State; and Cape Town in South Africa.
In Australia, the crew surveyed Western Australia, starting in what is now Perth, to the Fitzroy River; then both shores of the Bass Strait in Australia’s southeast corner; then north to the shores of the Arafura Sea, across from Timor.
In 1845, the HMS Beagle was refitted as a Coast Guard watch vessel in Essex, in the navigable waters beyond the Thames Estuary, moored in the middle of the River Roach, until oyster companies and traders petitioned to have it removed in 1851, citing the vessel was obstructing the river and its oyster beds.
The Navy List shows that on May 25th of 1851, the once-famed HMS Beagle was renamed “Southend ‘W.V. No. 7′” at Paglesham, and later sold in to be broken-up.
The Crystal Palace Exhibition started on May 1st of 1851 less than a month before..
I believe the Crystal Palace Exhibition was the official kick-off of the New World Order reset timeline.
Now I am going to take a look at first the town of Esperance, and then the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia.
Esperance was first settled in the 1864 by the Dempsters, a rancher family of Scottish descent, when they initially brought in sheep, cattle and horses overland, built a landing, and then started shipping them in.
A telegraph station opened there in 1876, and Esperance became the “Gateway to the Goldfields” in the 1890s with the discovery of significant deposits of alluvial gold in Coolgardie in 1892, and Kalgoorlie in 1893.
More on the Goldfields in this region in a moment.
The Esperance Stonehenge was the first photo icon I clicked on Google Earth when I started to look around Esperance.
Esperance Stonehenge? New one on me!
The Esperance Stonehenge is located on Merivale Road, northeast of the town of Esperance.
So this is what we are told about it.
It is the only full-size replica of the original Stonehenge on the Salisbury Plain in England, appearing as the original would have looked in 1950 BC.
It consists of 137 stones of locally-quarried Esperance Pink Granite.
The ten inner trilithon stones forming a horseshoe-shape weigh 28-50-metric-tonnes, or 31 -55-tons, each.
There is an 18-metric-tonne, or 20-ton, lintel over each pair, reaching a height of 8-meters, or 26-feet.
The altar stone lying at the base of the tallest trilithon stone weighs 9-metric-tonnes, or 10-tons.
There’s a circle of 40 smaller stones called the “Bluestone Circle” outside the Trilithon Horseshoe.
There are thirty Sarsen Stones weighing 28-metric tonnes, or 31-tons, around the perimeter, with only 8-metric-tonne, or 9-ton, lintels lining the top.
The astronomical alignments of the Esperance Stonehenge include: the Summer Solstice; Winter Solstice; and Milky Way.
This is what we are told about the origins of the Esperance Stonehenge.
The stones were quarried and cut for a stonehenge project in Margaret River in 2008 that was funded by a millionaire.
The project fell-through a year later, and here they had all these stones ready for the project, and the Rotary Club of Esperance took an interest in building a stonehenge replica locally.
The owners of a hobby farm across from the quarry decided to take on the project on their own dime, starting in 2011, and it was designed by a local architect.
It opened as a paying tourist attraction in 2017.
Similarly in North America, Lewis and Clark would have passed right by the physical location of the Maryhill Stonehenge, on a bluff on the Washington-side of the Columbia River…
…on their journey to what would become Astoria, Oregon, on the Columbia River near the Pacific Ocean, named after John Jacob Astor, the first American millionaire.
How he made his fortune is not hidden.
As a matter of fact, it is the first thing that comes up in a search.
Astor made his fortune in the fur trade, real estate, and opium.
The Maryhill Stonehenge was not said to have existed until after it had been commissioned in the early 20th-century by the wealthy entrepreneur Sam Hill, and dedicated on July 4th, 1918, as a memorial to the people who died in World War I.
The Maryhill Stonehenge also has solstice alignments…
…and with the Milky Way.
Next, I am going to look at Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie, just up the road so-to-speak from Esperance.
We are now in the heart of the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia.
First Coolgardie.
Today Coolgardie is a tourist town and a mining ghost town.
Coolgardie was established in 1892 after the discovery of gold in what was known as the “Fly Flat” by prospectors Arthur Wellesley Bayley and William Ford
Then, within only ten years of its establishment, Coolgardie was the third-largest town in Western Australia, growing so fast that stone and brick b;uildings were already being built.
The Western Australian School of Mines was first established in Coolgardie in a building that was said to have been erected for the International Mining and Industrial Exhibition of 1899.
By the year of 1903, the Western Australian mining school had moved to Kalgoorlie.
The International Mining and Industrial Exhibition, also known as the “World’s Fair in the Desert,” opened on March 21st of 1899 and closed on July 1st of the same year.
It was a celebration of the goldfields and prosperity they brought to the Colony of Western Australia, and we are told sought to emulate the 1851 Crystal Palace Exhibition in London.
The Coolgardie Wardens Court was said to have been erected in 1898, and today houses the “Goldfields Exhibition Museum.”
The Coolgardie “Marvel Bar Hotel” was also first established in 1898, and operated as a hotel until 1927.
It continues to be in use as the Location of the “Coolgardie RSL,” the Returned and Services League of Australia for people who have served and are serving in the Australian Defense Force.
The Cremorne Hotel is shown in this picture next to the “Marvel Bar Hotel/RSL” Building.
The Cremorne Hotel was said to have come into existence circa 1896.
Today it is an Arts’ Center for the Community.
These are just two examples of Coolgardie’s many historic hotel buildings.
Coolgardie’s population decline started with the decrease of gold in the early 1900s, even prior to World War I, when it went into even more serious decline, at one time with a population that went from thousands to 200.
Today it has a population of approximately 850 people, surviving as a community through tourism.
Next, I am going to look at the urban area of Kalgoorlie-Boulder, which is located just slightly to the northeast of Coolgardie.
Kalgoorlie was first established in 1893, a year after Coolgardie, after a prospector named Patrick “Paddy” Hannan and his two partners found gold here at the foot of Mount Charlotte.
Since 1897, what is known as “Hannan’s Tree” has marked the spot where he first found gold in 1893.
Kalgoorlie quickly became the largest settlement of the “Eastern Goldfields” of the “Western Australia Goldfields,” and even today the mining of gold and other metals remains a major industry.
The Super Pit Gold Mine in Kalgoorlie was Australia’s largest open-cut gold mine for many years until it was surpassed in 2016 by another one in Western Australia in the Newmont-Boddington gold mine.
Kalgoorlie is one of the four main locations in the world where Sylvanite is found, along with Transylvania in Romania; Cripple Creek in Colorado, and Kirkland Lake in Ontario, and identified as the “Sylvanite Triangle” by Stephanie McPeak Petersen in her excellent video on this subject, “The Chymical Wedding of Sylvanite,” in which Stephanie makes interesting connections like this one, and many others as well.
Sylvanite is a compound of gold, silver and tellurium, which makes it a telluride, which is a chemical compound of tellurium with one or more electropositive elements like gold and silver.
The Kalgoorlie Courthouse and Post Office was said to have been completed in 1897, in local pink stone, and designed by the local Public Works Department under the supervision of architect John Harry Grainger.
Kalgoorlie’s Town Hall was said to have been completed in 1908, and that its grand facade and rich interior decoration reflected the immense wealth of Kalgoorlie during the gold boom.
Boulder is a suburb of Kalgoorlie.
Its town hall was also said to have been built in 1908, and demonstrates the architectural style of the gold rush days.
The first meeting of the Kalgoorlie-Boulder Racing Club was in 1896, and it is one of the oldest registered horseracing associations in Western Australia as it is still in operation.
The Kalgoorlie-Boulder Racing Club track is located only a short-distance northeast of the Kalgoorlie-Boulder Airport, just like what we saw with the earlier examples of airports and racetracks in close proximity in this post.
The original people of this region are the Wangkatha, the collective identity and lanaguage group of eight aboriginal groups of people.
Initially, the Wangkatha people of the region were friendly to the European explorers of their country, even showing Paddy Hannan where to find his first gold nugget.
As more settlers came to the area, they became more belligerent to the incursions, and by the early 1900s, they were considered the most “fierce, wild, and untameable” of all the aboriginal peoples of Western Australia.
So what was the solution for the European settlers?
Missionaries were dispatched from New South Wales, who established the Mount Margaret Aboriginal Community in 1921.
It was here that original people of the region were given a western education and learned about Christianity.
Perth is close-by here, so that is the next place I will head over to take a look at.
Perth is the capital and largest city of Western Australia.
Most of Perth is located on the “Swan Coastal Plain,” which holds the Swan River that runs through metropolitan Perth.
The Swan River Estuary is divided into upper and lower regions delineated by the Narrows, where the Narrows Bridge, a dual road and railway bridge. links the city’s northern and southern suburbs.
An “estuary” is defined as a partially-enclosed, coastal body of brackish water, which is water that is salty, dirty & unpleasant, with one or more rivers flowing into it, and a connection to the open sea.
Like the bights of the world, I believe the world’s estuaries also represent sunken land.
And why is this what I believe?
This is a good place to do a comparison of the Swan River Estuary and the previously-mentioned River Thames Estuary in England, where the HMS Beagle ended its last years as a watch vessel in the mid-19th-century before it was sold for scrap.
First the Thames Estuary.
The Thames Estuary is where the River Thames meets the North Sea, and the Greater Thames Estuary refers to the low-lying mud flats and marshlands that border the estuary.
These marshlands were the setting in the first chapter of Charles Dickens’ novel “Great Expectations,” where a young orphan named Pip was living with his sister, and was grabbed in a graveyard by a convict in leg-irons.
A book that was required reading in 9th-Grade English class where I went to high school.
Had to read it, and we analyzed it in class for meanings.
Yet perhaps there were hidden meanings being conveyed in this book about marshlands, orphans and convicts that we have not been consciously aware of about the prevalent conditions of the day.
The eastern end of the Thames Estuary is delineated by the Yantlet Line, which is a line across the estuary that is marked by the London Stone at Yantlet Creek on Grain Island…
…and the Crow Stone at Southend-on-Sea.
Together these two obelisks formed the boundaries which marked the seaward limit of the jurisdiction of the City of London, about 33.5-miles, or 54-kilometers from London Bridge, and were said to have been erected in 1837.
The western end of what is considered the Thames’ Estuary Tideway starts in southwest London at Teddington Lock and Weir, a complex of locks and a low-lying dam called a weir, was said to have been first constructed in timber circa 1810, and later strengthened with stone in 1859.
The Richmond Lock and Weir in southwest London on the Tideway was said to have been built between 1891 and 1894.
There are all together forty-five locks on the River Thames.
Locks are features of canals, which raise or lower the water for boats to travel through the canal.
So how far of a stretch is it to see these so-called river systems as man-made canal systems…
…try as they might to convince us of their origins in nature.
With respect to the obelisk markers at the eastern entrance of the Thames Estuary, it is noteworthy that another name for the River Thames is the River Isis, as mentioned in clipping from a 1777 Oxford newspaper on the left and a 1900 print on the right, also from Oxford.
Come to think of it, there’s another obelisk in London on the River Thames/Isis.
Cleopatra’s Needle is between the Parliament buildings at the Palace of Westminster and the Tower Bridge.
This is what we are told about Cleopatra’s Needle in London.
It is one of three obelisks of the same name that we are told were transported from Egypt – the others are in Paris and New York City.
It is said to weigh 240 tons, or 480,000 lbs, or 218 metric tons, or 218,000, kilograms.
It was said to have been given to the government of the United Kingdom in 1819 by the ruler of Egypt and Sudan, Muhammad Ali, to commemorate the British victories in the Battle of the Nile (1798) and the Battle of Alexandria (1801).
The gift was initially declined because expense of shipping it to England.
In 1877, one version of the story about how it got here says that Sir William James Erasmus Wilson, a distinguished anatomist, paid 10,000 pounds for the shipping of it.
Another version of the story saying the British public raised 15,000 pounds to have it shipped that year.
At any rate, It was said to have been dug out of the sand where it had been buried for 2,000 years, and a shipping container was made for it specifically – a 92-foot (28-meter) long and 16-foot wide (4.9-meter) iron cylinder which was pulled by tugboat.
It eventually made its way across the sea to London where it was re-erected on the banks of the River Thames.
What is harder to believe – obelisks weighing over 200 tons could be shipped via ocean transport to other countries, or, that they were already there?
One more thing in the River Thames Estuary before I go back to look at the Swan River Estuary in Western Australia, and that has to do with oyster beds.
I previously mentioned that the HMS Beagle was refitted as a Coast Guard watch vessel in Essex in 1845 in the navigable waters beyond the Thames Estuary, moored in the middle of the River Roach, until oyster companies and traders petitioned to have it removed in 1851, citing the vessel was obstructing the river and its oyster beds.
I am bringing this up because oyster beds, or reefs, are like coral reefs, and like I mentioned earlier in the Great Barrier Reef off the eastern coast of Australia, they attach themselves to a hard surface in the water to form a bed or reef, giving rise to the possibility there is indeed something hard underneath the surface of the water, like sunken infrastructure.
An oyster reef would be an example of anothe definition of a colony.
In biology, a colony is a homogeneous group of organisms in a community, which is a naturally-occuring group of interacting organisms in a defined area, like a reef community.
Now back to Western Australia and the Swan River Estuary.
The Swan River and its estuary enters this part of Western Australia from the Indian Ocean at Fremantle, where Fremantle Harbor serves as the the port for Perth.
Interesting side-note that Fremantle became the primary destination for convicts, and that the solid masonry Fremantle Prison, said to have been built by convict labor in the 1850s, today is Western Australia’s only World Heritage Site.
If you go to the main website of what is now a tourist destination, this message is the first thing that comes up, in which the Department of Planning, Lands and Heritage acknowledges that the Fremantle Prison is located on the traditional land of the Whadjuk Noongar, the people who have lived in this part of Western Australia for at least 45,000 years.
I will start with the subject of oysters, since that’s the subject upon which I left the Thames Estuary, and sure enough, I found this diagram showing the distribution of different kinds of oysters not only in the location of Swan River, but all around the entire coastline of Australia.
And yes, there were once abundant shellfish reefs here in the Swan-Canning Estuary, and they were systematically dredged for the use of the shells in mortar.
Oyster shells are high in lime content and they were also used in land-reclamation activities.
While this type of large-scale dredging has not taken place for over a century, these particular oyster reefs never recovered from it.
So let’s take a look at land reclamation.
What’s that?
Land reclamation is defined as the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lakebeds.
Another way of putting this is creating new land by raising the elevation of a watershed or by pumping water out of muddy areas.
Land reclamation is also associated with resource extraction, and the process of restoring damaged land to its original state.
So since we have been talking about all of this marshy land, what about Perth?
Well, come to find out, much of the land between the Perth Business District and the Swan River shoreline was reclaimed from the 1870s until the 1960s.
This is from the “Explore Parks Western Australia” website about the “Swan Canning Riverpark.”
Like what we saw on the website of the “Department of Planning, Lands and Heritage” regarding Fremantle Prison, there is a statement here as well acknowledging the Whadjuk people as the traditional owners of the Riverpark.
So these offical statements are telling us that these original people of Western Australia are recognized by the government as owners of this land, and no one else.
This same web-page goes on to mention the reclamation that took place in Perth between 1870 and 1960.
It mentions that Perth was part of the “Mooro” family lands, a family group that was one of several families known collectively as the “Whadjuk.”
We even see the word “Moor” spelled out in the family name.
Also that Langley Park was on land reclaimed between 1921 and 1935, in the years between World Wars I and II, because of the need for more public open space near the city.
Langley Park is one of the biggest open spaces in Perth, running along Riverside Drive, and has even been used as an airstrip from time to time.
It is in the upper estuary of the Swan river, close to where the Narrows section delineates it from the lower, broader estuaries.
And here is a side-by-side comparison of the looping, narrow upper estuary of the Swan River going through Perth on the left, with the exact same looping of the River Thames going through London on the right.
What about the Swan River as a canal?
Here at the Matagarup Pedestrian Bridge, not far from Langley Park, which connects Burswood and East Perth, there are masonry banks visible.
The only historic canal I can find a reference to on the Swan River was the historic Burswood Canal, which would have been in the vicinity of the Matagarup Bridge.
The Burswood Canal was said to have been one of the earliest public works projects in the 1830s in the Swan River Colony.
The map showing “Improvements to the Swan River Navigation, 1830 to 1840,” says it is showing us canals in red; dykes in blue; islands in 1834 are the red circles; and is also showing an electric tram causeway and railroad bridge.
I did find at least two dams near Perth.
One is the Mundaring Weir and Reservoir, a concrete gravity dam 24-miles or 39-kilometers from Perth.
Called one of the world’s greatest engineering projects, it was said to have been completed in 1903, and impounds the Helena River, a tributary of the Swan.
Here’s a photo of the Helena River at the Mundaring Weir, looking very canal-like wth it masonry banks.
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Another is the Canning Dam and Reservoir, and a major source of freshwater for Perth.
It was said to have been constructed between 1933 and 1940, so that would have been in the time-frame of the Great Depression, which had world-wide impacts, and the early years of World War II, which started in September of 1939, and when Australia entered the war.
What about obelisks in Perth?
Well, like what we saw at the obelisk in Hobart in Tasmania, Perth’s State War Memorial is also an obelisk, and located in King’s Park.
It was said to have been unveiled in 1929 to commemorate those who died in World War I, and later wars were added.
Perth also has an unusual obelisk called the “Ore Obelisk.”
Also known as the “Harmony of Minerals,” it was erected in 1971 in Stirling Gardens.
Not only, we are told, was it meant to be a symbol of the State’s progress, and a symbol of mineral expansion between 1960 and 1970 and the harmony of mining and the environment, it was also a celebration of the “millionth citizen” of Western Australia.
At the end of the day, I really think everything that has taken place in the New World Order has been all about “Mining,” and other resource extraction and exploitation for the maximization of profits and other uses, and the enslavement of humanity, whether physically, or economically, went hand-in-hand with this whole new system.
A cruel and barbaric system was put in place by the colonizers over the top of the original infrastructure, for things like resource extraction.
Examples of these practices abound, but another one is a relatively short-distance up the coast of Western Australia from Perth, in Ajana and the Ajana Mining District.
Forty-eight lead and copper mines once operated in the Ajana District.
Sir Augustus Charles Gregory discovered the location of the lead outcroppings of what became the first mine there, the Geraldine Mine, in 1848.
Sir Augustus was an English-born explorer and surveyor of Australia.
The Geraldine mine was in operation by 1849.
These are the ruins of what was called the “Lynton Convict Hiring Depot,” which provided the convict labor used to work the mine…
The buildings here were said to include a store, bakery, depot, well, lock-up, hospital, lime kiln and administration block that were said to have begun in 1853, and that no sooner were they finished in 1856 than the depot closed because of the harsh living conditions and transportation problems.
This is a cobblestone floor found at the Geraldine mine, said to have been where the convict miners broke up the ore…
…to pick out the highest-grade galena, which is the primary ore of lead, and contains silver as well.
There’s one last place in The Kimberley that I want to take a look at before I end this post, in the northern part of Western Australia.
I have long been aware of the King George Falls in the Kimberley and Dry Falls in the “Channeled Scablands” Washington State.
I found them early in my research, probably in 2016 or 2017.
I was struck by how similar they look, with the double-fall configuration and flat landscape at the higher elevation.
In the years since then, I have tracked many cities and places in alignment all over the Earth, and I have consistently found waterfalls all along these alignments.
Not only that, I have seen the same style of waterfall in different places around the world, and it looks like they had a selection of models of waterfalls to choose from, from small to large, and believe them to have a significant function on the Earth’s Grid system.
I am going to say in conclusion, after presenting a great deal of comparative information from a variety of places all over the Earth, that I firmly believe Australia’s ancient people were in fact the builders of Australia’s high civilization, and that they were one and the same as the original, ancient people the world over who were the builders of the same high civilization that existed all over the Earth, that goes by many names – Moorish, Atlantean, Aryan, Egyptian, Israelite, Islamic, Tartarian, to name a few.
All names for the same civilization that existed on Earth from ancient times to relatively modern, and their Moorish Science symbolism was taken over and given different meanings that were not the original meaning.
Then, after what I believe was a relatively recent cataclsym that was deliberately caused by an energy manipulation of the Earth’s grid system, causing worldwide devastation and the formation of swamps, marshes, and deserts, and the sinking of entire landmasses, the elitist European colonizers behind all that has taken place here came into this post-cataclysmic world, and imposed a completely new system and control matrix designed to only benefit the few and not the many.
All of this has directly brought us to the strange world we live in today, where everything is turned upside-down and inverted, and what we are told to believe by the Establishment nowadays makes no sense because they don’t care about Humanity in the slightest except for what they can take from us.
I am bringing forward unlikely pairs of historical figures represented in the National Statuary Hall at the U. S. Capitol who have things in common with each other in this series called “Snapshots from the National Statuary Hall.”
In this post, I am pairing John Winthrop, who is in the National Statuary Hall for Massachusetts, who was a leader in establishing the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630, with St. Junipero Serra for California, a notorious Franciscan missionary and Roman Catholic priest who established early missions in California.
So far in this series, I have paired Michigan’s Gerald Ford, a former President of the United States, and Mississippi’s Jefferson Davis, the former President of the Confederate States of America, and both men featured on the cover of the “Knight Templar” Magazine,; Dr. Norman Borlaug, Ph.D, often called the “Father of the Green Revolution; and Colorado’s Dr. Florence R. Sabin, M.D, a pioneer for women in science, both of whom worked for the Rockefeller Foundations; Louisiana’s controversial Socialist Governor, Huey P. Long, and Alabama’s Helen Keller, a deaf-blind woman who gained prominence as an author, lecturer, Socialist activist; Henry Clay, attorney, plantation owner, and statesman from Kentucky, and Lewis Cass, a military officer who was directly behind Native American Removals, politician and statesman from Michigan, contemporaries who were both Freemasons and unsuccessful candidates for U. S. President.; John Gorrie for Florida, a physician and inventor of mechanical refrigeration and William King for Maine, a merchant and Maine’s first governor, both Freemasons; and Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe during World War II and former President representing the State of Kansas, and Lew Wallace, Union General and former Governor of New Mexico Territory, representing the State of Indiana, both of whom were involved in the entirety of their major wars, and in the events concerning crimes in the aftermath of their wars; and Francis Preston Blair, Jr, representing Missouri, and Edmund Kirby Smith for Florida, both major players in events of the Mexican-American War and the American Civil War.
First, John Winthrop, one of the statues representing Massachusetts in the National Statuary Hall.
John Winthrop was an English Puritan lawyer, and led the first wave of colonists from England in 1630 and a leader in establishing the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the second major British Colony after the founding of Plymouth Colony in 1620.
John Winthrop was born in January of either 1587 or 1588 in Suffolk, England.
His father Adam was a prosperous landowner and lawyer, and his mother Annie came from a well-to-do landowning family as well.
The Winthrop family was granted Groton Manor after the Dissolution of the Monasteries, as the Lord of the Manor had previously been the Abbot of the Bury St. Edmunds Abbey, and John’s parents moved in when he was young.
The Dissolution of the Monasteries took place between 1536 and 1541, in which King Henry VIII disbanded the approximately 850 monasteries, convents and friaries in England, and leaving none.
Their income was taken and assets disposed of, and in many cases, like that of Glastonbury Abbey, the buildings on the property were left in ruins.
The Winthrop Coat of Arms was confirmed to John’s uncle by the College of Arms in 1592.
The College of Arms was said to have been first incorporated as a Royal Corporation in March of 1484 under King Richard III, and then re-incorporated in 1555 under Queen Mary I of England.
Heralds are appointed by the British Monarch and delegated to act on behalf of the Crown on all matters of heraldry, besides the granting of new Coats-of-Arms, including genealogical research and the granting of pedigrees.
During King Henry VIII’s reign, it was said that the College of Arms “…at no time since its establishment, was the college in higher estimation, nor in fuller employment, than in this reign.”
In 1530, King Henry VIII conferred the duty of “heraldic visitation” on the College, that of tours of inspection between 1530 and 1688 around England, Wales, and Ireland to register and regulate the Coats of Arms of Nobility, gentry and boroughs, and to record pedigrees.
During the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries between 1536 and 1541, this duty gained even more importance as the Monasteries were formerly the repositories of local genealogical records, and from then on, the College was responsible for the recording and maintenance of genealogical records.
The College of Arms has been on Queen Victoria Street in the City of London in the shadow of St. Paul’s Cathedral since 1555.
This is the Coat-of-Arms for the College of Arms, with the motto “Diligent and Secret,” which interestingly the heraldry-wiki doesn’t know the meaning of.
Could it possibly mean exactly what it says – diligent and secret?
Like we don’t want you to know something, but we are sure working hard at what we are doing!
This would explain a question I am often asked – how to explain something like a mud flood event and repopulation effort involving lots of orphans when some people have long genealogies in their families, and I am one of them, with long genealogies on all my family lines, including ancestors on the Mayflower on my paternal grandmother’s side.
Yet my husband’s family got the name Gibson from an orphan ancestor that worked on a cattle drive for a man named Gibson, and he took his name.
Another question that comes to my mind is why does the word “arms” refer both to heraldry devices and weapons?
I have had some major questions about King Henry VIII’s role in the historical narrative.
Many star forts were attributed to having been built during his reign, like the Portland Castle on the Isle of Portland between 1539 and 1541…
…and Sandsfoot Castle in neighboring Weymouth, completed in 1542 and that both were meant to defend the original harbor against French and Spanish invaders.
During this same period of time, the Jesuit Order was formed in 1540 by a papal bull issued by Pope Paul III, under the leadership of Ignatius Loyola, and included a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment.
In 1542, Pope Paul III also established the Holy Office, also known as the Inquisition and the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
And in May of 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus published “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres,” offering mathematical arguments for the heliocentric, or sun-centered universe, and denying the geocentric model of the Earth-centered universe of Ptolemy, and the once widely-accepted geocentric model of the Universe was henceforth no longer considered adequate.
Copernicus’ Universe-changing book was published shortly before his death on May 24th of 1543.
Anyway, back to John Winthrop.
Winthrop entered Trinity College at Cambridge University in 1602.
According to the narrative, Trinity College was founded in 1546 by King Henry VIII.
Interesting to note that this architectural-style found at Trinity College looks just like college architecture found all around the world, with examples shown here at Korea University in Seoul, Korea, on the top left; Sydney University in Sydney, Australia, on the top right; Mainz University on Mainz, Germany on the bottom left; and at the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma on the bottom right.
John Winthrop left Trinity College in 1605 to get married to Mary Forth, the daughter of a family friend.
In 1613, Winthrop’s father transferred the family holdings in Groton to him, and he became Lord of the Manor at Groton.
Lord of the Manor referred to the landholder of a rural estate, enjoying manorial rights, which was the right to establish and occupy a residence, and seignory, the right to grant or draw benefit from the estate.
Also sometime around 1613, Winthrop enrolled in Gray’s Inn, where he read law but did not advance to the Bar.
Gray’s Inn is one of the four inns of court in London – along with the Lincoln Inn, Inner Temple, and Middle Temple – that educate and train barristers in order to be able to practice law in England and Wales.
The early records of all four inns of court were lost, and the exact dates of their founding is not known.
The records of Gray’s Inn are lost up until the year of 1569, but was believed to date back to around 1370.
Winthrop’s wife Mary died in 1616, and he was remarried to Thomasine Clopton, who also died in 1616, in childbirth in December of that year.
Through his legal connections, he began courting Margaret Tyndal, the daughter of chancery Judge Sir John Tyndal and Anne Egerton, the sister of Stephen Egerton, a leading Puritan preacher of his time.
John Winthrop and Margaret Tyndal were married in April of 1618.
At some point not long after they were married, John acquired a position at the Court of Wards and Liveries and travelled between London and Groton, where his wife and eldest son John from his first marriage managed the manor when he was away.
The Court of Wards and Liveries was established starting in 1540 during the reign of King Henry VIII by two Acts of Parliament – the Court of Wards Act of 1540 and the Wards and Liveries Act of 1541.
It was established around the issues of practical matters relating to the Crown’s right of wardship and livery of young orphaned heirs where their father had been a Tenant-in-Chief of the Crown, including having rights over the deceased’s estate, including income and land, so this special court also administered a system of levying and collecting feudal dues.
Does this mean that there were so many orphaned heirs that they had to establish a special court to handle them?!
And what is Livery?
Well, if you look up the meaning, livery is an identifying design, such as a uniform, ornament, symbol, or insignia that designates ownership or affiliation.
Most often it would indicate the wearer of the livery was a servant, dependent, follower or friend of the owner of the livery.
Apparently the “Office of Liveries” was joined with the “Court of Wards” in 1542.
I find this information about the “Court of Wards and Liveries” very intriguing, and would love to know more about what was going on here that is not found in the historical record.
Perhaps there was more to it than just a way of replenishing the Royal Treasury and controlling wards and the administration of their lands, which is found in the historical record.
But was there a connection between the English words “livery” and “delivery,” where definitions of delivery include 1) the transfer of something from one place or person to another; 2) the process of giving birth; and in law 3) the formal or symbolic handing over of property to a grantee or third-party.
Our historical narrative tells us the religious atmosphere for Puritans to started to change in England in the mid-to-late 1620s, after King Charles I ascended to the throne in 1625, and had married a Roman Catholic.
There was an atmosphere of intolerance towards Puritans and this state-of-affairs led Puritan leaders to consider emigration to the New World as means to escape persecution.
The establishment of Plymouth Colony on the shores of Cape Cod Bay in 1620 was the first successful religious colonization of the New World.
In 1629, a charter was received by Puritan investors that became known as the “Massachusetts Bay Company” to govern a land grant of territory between what became known as the Charles River in eastern Massachusetts and the Merrimack River, which starts in New Hampshire and flows southward into Massachusetts.
Puritan John Endecott led a small group of settlers to the area around this time to prepare the way for a larger migration, and he became the first Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1629 to 1630, and served as governor several more times over the years, for a total of sixteen years all together.
The exact connection by which John Winthrop got involved with the Massachusetts Bay Company is not known, but he had connections with individuals associated with the company.
Also in 1629, King Charles I dissolved Parliament, beginning a historical period known as “11 years of rule” without Parliament.
This worried Massachusetts Bay Company principal investors, and John Winthrop as well, who had lost his position with the Court of Wards and Liveries in the crackdown on Puritans that took place with the dissolution of Parliament.
The Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company proposed the company reorganize and transport its charter and governance to the colony, and as the months went on, John Winthrop became more involved with the company, and a major supporter of emigration there.
John Winthrop was a signatory on the Cambridge Agreement, which was signed on August 29th of 1629 by company shareholders.
Under its terms, those who wanted to emigrate to the New World could purchase shares from those shareholders who didn’t want to leave home.
The Cambridge Agreement also set forth that the Massachusetts Bay Colony would be under local control, and not governed by a London-based corporate board.
The company shareholders met in August of 1629 to enact the agreement.
At this time, John Winthrop was chosen as the new Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company, and, along with other company officials, set about making all the necessary arrangements for the venture of settling in the New World.
John Winthrop was on one of four ships of the transport fleet that left the Isle of Wight on April 8th of 1630.
All together, there were eleven ships that carried roughly 700 emigrants to the new colony.
John Winthrop, with the charter for the Massachusetts Bay Colony in hand, and the new colonists arrived in Salem, Massachusetts, in June of 1630, and were welcomed by John Endecott.
Winthrop found the Salem area inadequate for the arrival of all the new colonists, so he and his deputy, Thomas Dudley, surveyed the area, and eventually settled on the Shawmut Peninsula, where they founded what became the city of Boston.
They also established settlements along the coast, and banks of the Charles River, we are told, in order to avoid presenting a single point that hostile forces might attack.
So along with Boston, these settlements were Cambridge, Roxbury, Dorchester, Watertown, Medford, and Charlestown.
This map was the illustration that appeared opposite the title page of William Wood’s book from that time entitled: “New Englands Prospect” and called “A true, lively and experimentall description of that part of America commonly called New England; discovering the state of that Countrie, both as it stands to our new-come English Planters; and to the old native inhabitants. Laying down which that which might enrich the knowledge of the mind-travelling reader, or benefit the future voyager.”
This selection from William Wood’s book was of a map showing the plantations along Massachusetts Bay, and the word or name Sagamore is showing in several places.
The word “Sagamore” or “Sachem” apparently denoted a leader of the Algonquin-speaking peoples.
I just want to say that it is extremely difficult to find information about who the Algonquin people really are because the visuals we see are typically like this.
Here is an historic photograph that I came across of the Algonquin Narragansett people of Rhode Island, circa 1925.
We are told that in its early months, the new colony struggled, losing around 200 people to various diseases.
Winthrop worked alongside the laborers and servants in the work of the colony, setting an example for the other colonists to do all the work that needed to be done on the “plantation.”
Interesting to see the word “plantation” used so much even from the very beginnings of the New World.
In the history of colonialism, plantation was a form of colonization where settlers would establish a permanent or semi-permanent settlement in a new region.
Looks like the colonizers were literally “planting” themselves in a new place.
Not only were settlements and settlers being planted in a new region from somewhere else, this plantation system of the colonizers quickly laid the foundation for slavery on large farms owned by “planters” where cash crop goods were produced.
The word plantation first started appearing in the late 1500s to describe the process of colonization, like the Plantations of Ireland in the 16th- and 17th-centuries, during which time we are told the English Crown confiscated land from Irish Catholics and redistributed the land to Protestant settlers from Great Britain…
…creating all kinds of long-term problems.
The British Plantations of Ireland replaced the Irish language, law and customs with those of the British, created sectarian hatred between Protestants and Catholics, and Northern Ireland is still part of Britain to this day.
Back to John Winthrop.
This plaque memorializes John Winthrop’s first house in Boston, said to have been built nearby.
The marker was placed on the old Boston Stock Exchange Building, located at 53 State Street, by the City of Boston in 1930.
The old Boston Stock Exchange Building was said to have been built between 1889 and 1891 from designs by the architectural firm of Peabody & Stearns, and one of the largest office buildings in America back in the day, and in its hey-day housed banks, corporations, safe-deposit vaults, lawyers, and businessmen.
Governor Winthrop was also granted an estate on the southern bank of the Mystic River in Somerville, Massachusetts, by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in September of 1631 that he called “Ten Hills Farm.”
It was so-named for what were called “ten small knolls” on the property, which included orchards and meadows for grazing cattle.
Ten Hills Farm was inherited by his son, John Winthrop, Jr, in 1649, who was the Governor of the Connecticut Colony between 1659 and 1676.
Today Ten Hills is a neighborhood of Somerville.
On the other side of the Mystic River from Ten Hills Farm was a shipyard owned in absentia by Mathew Cradock, one of the original principal investors of the Massachusetts Bay Company, and it was there that one of the colony’s first ships was said to have been built, the 30-ton “Blessing of the Bay,” and first launched on July 4th of 1631.
It was operated by John Winthrop as a trading and packet ship up and down the coast of New England, but only for a short time as the ship “disappeared from view,” possibly wrecked on the capes in 1633 on a voyage to Virginia with a load of fish and furs.
Winthrop was a big regional landowner.
He also owned the land that became the town of Billerica…
…Governor’s Island in Boston Harbor…
…and Prudence Island in Narragansett Bay in Rhode Island.
Winthrop spent a lot of time writing, including his “The History of New England: 1630 – 1649,” also known as “The Journal of John Winthrop,” which was apparently not published until the late 18th-century.
John Winthrop died of natural causes in March of 1649 and was buried in the King’s Chapel Burying Ground, the oldest cemetery in Boston and a site on the Freedom Trail.
The Freedom Trail is a 2.5-mile, or 4-kilometer, -long path through Boston with sixteen locations significant to the history of the United States that was established in 1951.
Next, St. Junipero Serra.
St. Junipero Serra, a Franciscan missionary and Roman Catholic priest, represents California in the National Statuary Hall.
He was credited with establishing the Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda in Mexico, said to have been built between 1750 and 1760 a UNESCO World Heritage Site…
…as well as the first nine of twenty-one missions in California, from San Diego to San Francisco from 1770 to 1782.
The Tongva people were indigenous to the South Channel Islands and the Los Angeles Basin.
The collapse of Tongva society and culture of the region was initiated with Junipero Serra’s founding of the San Gabriel Mission in Los Angeles County in 1771.
The Spanish initiated forced relocation and enslavement of the native Tongva people under the mission system to secure their labor, and some of the nicknames of the San Gabriel Mission in San Gabriel California is the “Queen of the California Missions,” and “Mother of Agriculture in California.”
Junipero Serra was beatified in 1988 by Pope John Paul II over the denunciations of Native American tribes that accused him of heading a brutal colonial subjugation.
Then in 2015, Pope Francis canonized him, and he became Saint Junipero Serra, the first saint to be canonized on U. S. soil at the National Basilica in Washington, D. C.
Serra was nicknamed the “Apostle of California” for his missionary efforts, but before and after his canonization, his reputation and missionary work was condemned for reasons given like mandatory conversions of the native population to Catholicism and atrocities committed against them.
That’s what they say about him anyway!
I am bringing forward unlikely pairs of historical figures who are represented in the National Statuary Hall who have things in common with each other, as mentioned at the beginning of this post.
I think the main thing that jumps out in this pairing of John Wintrhop and the sainted Junipero Serra is that they were engaged in the same kinds of activities setting up new economic slavery systems and infrastructure, with Winthrop on the East Coast for British and Church of England interests, and Serra on the west coast for the Spanish Empire and the Catholic Church .
The Council of New England and the Church of England were busy colonizing and settling New England starting in 1620, almost exactly 100-years after the Vice-Royalty of New Spain and the Catholic Church did the same thing following the Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521.
Central Mexico became the base of expeditions of exploration and conquest, in what became a huge area that comprised the Spanish colonization of the Americas, including California among many other places, in much the same way that New England became a major starting point for the British colonization and exploration of North America.
Along these lines, the Spanish Mission System of California sounded A LOT like the English plantation system of New England.
Just going to keep putting it out there that what I am finding in the National Statuary Hall at the U. S. Capitol building in Washington, DC, seems more often than not a “Who’s Who” for the New World Order and its Agenda, and in many cases honoring obscure historical figures, like these two men, with their lives and times telling a completely different kind of story than what we normally hear about.
Revealing What Has Been Hidden in Front of Our Eyes 